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Keywords: psychiatry, lecture, perception, frustration of perception, a hallucination, illusion, sensation, psychopathology, true, false hallucinations

Lecture ¹2
GENERAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
FRUSTRATION OF PERCEPTION

The general psychopathology studies signs, sets of symptoms, laws of occurrence, development of mental diseases.

Spheres of mental activity:
1. perception;
2. thinking;
3. memory;
4. emotions;
5. will;
6. consciousness;
7. intelligence.

FRUSTRATION OF PERCEPTION

the Perceptionis a reflection of the environmental validity in its external communications and attitudes.

the Sensationis an initial mental certificate. The sensation precedes process of perception. The sensation is the initial mental certificate because has emotional colouring.

the Perceptionis the sum of sensations, but not mechanical, but complex.

Distinguish the following frustration of perception:

• Hallucinations.
• Illusions.
• Senesthopathias.
• Metamorphopsias.

the Hallucination- imaginary perception, that is perception without object. There are various classifications of hallucinations.

On sense organs:

• visual,
• acoustical,
• tactile,
• olfactory,
• kinesthetic,
• visceral,
• gustatory,
• complex.

On a level of complexity:

1. Elementary.
   • the Visual analyzer: photopsias - sparks, lightnings, brilliant lines;
   • the Acoustic analyzer: acoasmes - elementary sounds (knock, singing, hum); phonemes - verbal hallucinations (calls).
2. Simple. Visual hallucinations arise on a background of the changed consciousness, and acoustical - on a background of the changed consciousness.
   • the Visual analyzer: panoramic hallucinations (stsenopodobnye the phenomena).
   • the Acoustic analyzer: commenting or imperative voices.
3. the Complex (combined) hallucinations - arise, for example, at alcoholic deliriums.

Also distinguish true and false hallucinations.

True- the projection outside is characteristic (in environmental space), hallucinations bright, vivacity of hallucinative images is kept. The feeling " perceptions from the outside " is absent. Are prognostically more favorable.

False (pseudohallucinations) - the projection "inside", is absent brightness of hallucinative images. The feeling " perceptions from the outside " is typical. Are prognostically less favorable.

Illusions- the perverted perception of real-life object. The subject is perceived, but his valid essence disappears.

Distinguish visual, acoustical, gustatory, etc. illusions.

Allocate: affective illusions - arise on a background of change of an affect. The affect is strongly expressed short-term emotional condition.

Parejdolii - bizarre distortions on a background of intoxications, hyperthermias. Instead of real subjects the patient sees similar images - instead of a drawing on wall-paper of the patient sees bouquets of colors, hair, labyrinthes, etc. To not confuse to freak of the imagination!

Functional illusions - arise, when something occurs: a sound of hours, hum of a passing trolley bus.

Senesthopathias - a pathology of sensations.

Ejdetizm - perception with photographic accuracy.

Synesthesias, parestezii, anaesthesias, gipostezii, senesthopathias, etc.

Metamorphopsias - the deformed perception of objects. Porropsija - elongation, a dysmegalopsia, a micropsia - decrease, a macropsia - augmentation.

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Keywords: psychiatry, lecture, perception, frustration of perception, a hallucination, illusion, sensation, psychopathology, true, false hallucinations

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