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COURSE WORK
on " the Organizations and economy of a veterinary affair "
the Theme: the Organization, planning and economy of veterinary measures at a dispepsia of young plants of hens - layers on an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk ".
INTRODUCTION.
The primary goals, decided a veterinary science and practice now, are improvement of quality of a food stuff and animal raw material, the decision of problems of prophylaxis of diseases, the general for the person and animals, and also guarding of the country from drift of causal organisms of special dangerous diseases and protection of an external environment.
Transition to market attitudes in all spheres of a national economy, including veterinary science - introduction of paid veterinary services according to the accepted Law of the Russian Federation " About a veterinary science " and " to Regulations about to an industrial veterinary service " has demanded a basic change of forms and methods of the organization of a veterinary affair in the Russian Federation. There was an objective necessity of intensifying of professional and economic preparation of the veterinary expert, an introduction of effective commercial forms of the organization of a veterinary service of animal husbandry and development of veterinary business for the country, and also the profound studying of new effective forms and methods of the organization of a veterinary affair, development of methods of the analysis of economic efficiency of veterinary measures with use of computer technique, knowledge of reacting normativno-legislative and legal certificates on a veterinary science, the state, industrial and commercial activity, pricing, the taxation, etc. All this knowledge necessary for veterinary experts, is included with special discipline " the Organization and economy of a veterinary affair ". She studies and improves theoretical and practical bases of the organization, planning, financing, economy and control of veterinary business.
The proceeding economic crisis in the country as a result of which federal and aboriginal budgetary assignments for a veterinary science are considerably reduced, conducts to that the basic source of financing become a means of the owner of animals, and it in turn raises the responsibility of each veterinary expert for economically effective both superfine organization and performance of veterinary measures. In conditions of market attitudes spent veterinary measures should be not only expedient and productive, but also economically effective, financial paid back and favourable to owners of animals, and also profitable for a veterinary service.
In conditions of a becoming of market economy the future of industrial and commercial veterinary services behind marketing and management. Marketing of a veterinary affair survey as the certain system of managing in conditions of market economy which includes modern forms of the decision of industrial - market problems and scientific methods of the organization of control of veterinary activity, i.e. management. Marketing will help to form optimum production programs of veterinary activity, operatively to react to developing situations in the market of veterinary services, to choose and make the most rational decisions, coordinated with concrete situations and economic conditions of the given region.
The special place in the organization of a veterinary affair now is borrowed also with a computerization of veterinary activity, that, will certainly, considerably raise efficacyy of veterinary work in the future.
The main task of the organization and economy of a veterinary affair in present conditions of market orientation is intensifying theoretical both practical preparation and retraining of veterinary experts of new type: highly professional, economic in wide circle economic, social and technological questions, with high sense of the responsibility for results of veterinary activity.
In serious conditions of crisis of branch specific weight of a sick rate and an epizooty of agricultural animals and birds from noncontagious diseases in the general structure of a sick rate and an epizooty, despite of exercise of a complex of measures on prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of such diseases by experts of the state veterinary service and the agricultural enterprises has increased. For last years the tendency of downstroke of efficacyy of therapy of noncontagious diseases that is connected not only to the general difficulties in branch, but also also with weakening attention of veterinary services to the decision of problems of a noncontagious pathology also was observed. Principal causes of a sick rate and epizooty of animals from noncontagious diseases are, first of all, incomplete on energy level and unbalanced on basic elements of a feed a feeding, not sufficient security of farms necessary technological and veterinarno-sanitary objects, incomplete security of establishments and economies the staff of veterinarians and workers of animal husbandry. Deficiency of the last does not give an opportunity to carry out treatment-and-prophylactic measures at a high professional level, in the times stipulated by the plan and with complete scope of a livestock.
At an agricultural bird the noncontagious diseases connected to infringement of technology of a feeding and the content prevail. The young plants which bears hypotrophic first of all suffer from action of the listed factors, weakly resistant to negative influences of an environment, with development in the first days of life of acute digestive disturbances, and further - respiratory diseases. In an arsenal of veterinarians there is many means checked by years and methods which application gives substantial growth of efficacyy of spent measures, but downstroke of solvent demand and rise in price of raw material have caused sharp curtailment of production and assortment of treatment-and-prophylactic preparations. It has resulted to that many veterinarians of poultry breedings began to find a new economic means of nonspecific measures on prophylaxis of noncontagious diseases of birds. Application concerns to such means adaptogenov a various nature: Chemical, vegetative, animal, influencing a metabolism and a level of adaptation to influence of unfavorable factors of an environment. The nonspecific path of control of adaptation forms a resistance of an organism not only to microbic, but also to physical (a cold, it is warm) and to chemical factors.
The purpose of my work is calculation of economic efficiency and a substantiation of perspectivity of use of a preparation erakond for a regulation of processes of a metabolism and downstroke of a level of dispepsic distresses of young plants of a bird in conditions of an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk ".
THE BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY.
An integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " is the largest economy of an egg direction in range.
For 1998 year it has been effected 376,348 million pieces of eggs, that on 10 million pieces of eggs it is more, than in 1997ãîäó. The egg production for 1998 year on 1 hen a layer has made 305,9 pieces, an average daily gain of young plants of 10,5. The charge of forages - 138 k.ed. Safety of an adult bird for 1998 year has made 97,2 %, young plants of 98,8 %, parental herd of 96,3 %.
An integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " works on a regimen of the close enterprise, its terrain on perimeter is fenced with a ferro-concrete and wooden fence. At entrance to poultry-farming zones work sample warmed dezbarjery for motor transport. The personnel serving a bird, changes clothes in sanpropusknikah and brigade small houses. The terrain of an economy is well-equiped, planted trees and shrubs, a coating of roads asphalt with differentiation of roads on " pure " and " dirty ".
The bird at factory is placed in three zones: an industrial platform, on distance of 20 kms from it - parental herd, and in 2 kms a zone of cultivation of young plants. All platforms are fenced. The parental herd contains in 5 cases, young plants in 2 cases. At all factory the cage keeping of a bird practises. Water supply is carried out from chinks.
The feeding of a bird is stipulated by dry high-grade mixed foods. Mixed foods act with Bogdanovicheskogo a feed mill, are delivered by railway transportation in a zone of podsobno-auxiliary objects and loaded in prirelsovye warehouses, and then delivered by automobiles ZSK-10 on industrial zones of an integrated poultry farm. Quality of an acting mixed food is monitored by industrial veterinary laboratory of an integrated poultry farm and regional veterinary laboratory (the veterinary certificate on quality of a mixed food is below resulted). Forages are in addition enriched with fodder additives in feed preporation shops of each shop. As additives are used vitaminic premiksy, delivered of Germany.
Industrial rooms are heated by the gas boiler-houses. Export of finished goods from an integrated poultry farm it is stipulated by motor transport.
The integrated poultry farm has the following veterinary objects: the veterinary trochlea, dezinfikatsionnyj the trochlea, a veterinary sanitary inspection room for container and motor transport, zootechnic and veterinary laboratories. The integrated poultry farm has veterinarno-diagnostic laboratory where serologic researches of intensity of immunity to virus diseases such as a contagious bronchitis are carried out, disease Gamboro, an infectious encephalomyelitis, a mycoplasmosis, disease of Newcastle, REO. Knowing a level of antiserum capacities, veterinarians adjust frequency rate and circuits of vaccination.
Security biological preparations, disinfectants and medicines on 100 %.
The scheduled killing of a bird is carried out in sample lethal shop. The sanitary killing of a bird is not carried out, since July 1997ãîäà on integrated poultry farms, in connection with absence of industrial necessity, the sanitary abattoir is closed.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POULTRY BREEDING.
Acquisition of an ewe flock is carried out by delivery of chickens krossa " Lomann white LSL " from firm " Lomann Tirtsuht " (Germany). On 01.01.99 on an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " the livestock of a bird compounded 1792574 goal., including hens of layers 1212524 goal. And 580000 heads of young plants.
All livestock of a bird contains in one-storeyed buildings, in cells KKT (industrial herd), ÊÁÓ-3 (repair young plants), ÊÁÐ-2 (parental herd).
Incubatory shop where the building of an incubator cellar with 10 couveuses *quot is placed; ?-55 ", it is posed in a zone of cultivation of young plants. The hatchability of chickens for 1998 has made 81 %. Waste products of an incubation and lethal shop are processed in shop of recycling of factory. The dung is taken out on sample storehouses. Corpses are utilized in biothermal holes or processed on a meat-and-bone meal. Intercyclic rests of preparation of rooms are maintained. A Veterinarno-sanitary condition of industrial rooms good. It is monitored by monthly sanitary commission in structure of the doctor - epizootologist, the zootechnician on a feeding of a bird and the shop doctor.
The ovum after snesenija is disinfected in the specially equipped gas - chambers.
With the prophylactic purpose the young plants in daily age are vaccinated against disease Mareka by a vaccine of firm " Ron-Merje " (France) and a vaccine of Vladimirska VNIIZZH. Vaccination of young plants against other virus infections: diseases of Newcastle, disease Gamboro and a contagious bronchitis, it is carried out by import vaccines of firm " TAD " and " Intervet ". Immunity at privitoj a bird reaches 95-100 %. Quality of used vaccines is checked in GNKI. At factory investigates a bird on pulloroz eritrotsitarnym an antigen.
The daily epizooty of a bird compounds about 0,025 % of a livestock. At pathoanatomical dissection tap changes, characteristic for a noncontagious etiology: enteritises, an asphyxia, yolky peritonitises, hepatitises, traumas.
Epizootic well-being of a livestock of a bird is monitored by Sverdlovsk regional veterinary laboratory (carry out 7 researches), the Chelyabinsk zonal veterinary laboratory through illness birds (carry out 1 research) and veterinary laboratory of firm " Lomann ".
Breeding production is realized in the Chelyabinsk range, Krasnodar territory, and also inside of Sverdlovsk range. Claimes for quality of sold production in 1998 year did not act.
The documentation on specific prophylaxis, veterinary sanitary examination is conducted, agrees, demands of the veterinary legislation. On 01.01.99. an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " it was safe on ostroinfektsionnym to diseases of birds that is confirmed with the commission in structure of the head of department of a veterinary science of Ekaterinburg - L.S.Buzanovoj, the assistant to the main veterinarian of a regional veterinary bacteriological laboratory - V.G.Vereshchaka, main veterinarian TMU on a poultry breeding and kombikormovoj an industry - E.P.Gorelkina, chief P.G.V.N. - M.N.Kuznetsovoj and gl.vetvrachom integrated poultry farms " Sverdlovsk " - V.G.Burunom.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VETERINARY SERVICE OF THE ECONOMY.
On an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " there is a precise classification of workers of a veterinary service. Workers of a veterinary service share on the basic, immediately carrying out various antiepizootic, treatment-and-prophylactic and veterinarno-sanitary measures (veterinarians, veterinary orderlies - vaccinators, veterinary orderlies - dezinfektory, etc.) and auxiliary are workers of a veterinary dispensary, PTVZL and industrial laboratory.
The group form of the organization of work of veterinary workers practises an economy, i.e. the specialized groups are frameed, the certain volume of veterinary works is fixed to them on carrying out of vaccination of a bird or disinfection of rooms and equipments of multiple diurnal congestion of each member of group. The senior veterinary of an integrated poultry farm is engaged in distribution of veterinary workers and scoping of veterinary works. Distribution of veterinary workers on industrial zones of service, shops is conducted on the establishment of labour labour input according to the annual plan - schedule of spent veterinarno-sanitary measures predicated by the main veterinarian of an integrated poultry farm. The staff of veterinary experts on an integrated poultry farm is completely completed. The circuit of organizational structure of a veterinary service on an integrated poultry farm *quot is below resulted; Sverdlovsk " and the demographic data on veterinarians (see the appendix, page 15).
On an integrated poultry farm make out the registration documentation as magazines, records in which are conducted daily. There are magazines on vaccination of a bird against disease Mareka and Newcastle, magazine under the control of intensity of immunity, a log-book of medical processing of a bird, a log-book of disinfection, a disinfection and deratization and a log-book of results of veterinarno-sanitary examination of carcasses of a bird in lethal shop. Reports under the form 1 are made out monthly, under the form 2 quarterly, also as the report the information on performance of the plan of antiepizootic measures (see the appendix, page 16) is monthly compounded. On an epizooty of a bird daily compound certificates of pathoanatomical dissection.
Charges on purchase of biological preparations, medicines, disinfectants, veterinary devices, instruments and carry out equipments due to a means of the integrated poultry farm, carry them on a net cost of production and will wear out in industrial - financial plans and reports (the report on biological preparations - see the appendix, page 17). Managing a drugstore monthly compounds the application where the name of preparations and a means which is necessary for getting the next month are specified, divided on three groups: biological preparations, himiko-pharmaceutical and dezinfektsionnye a means, akaritsidnye, insektitsidnye and deratizatsionnye a means, their necessary quantity and cost. The application is compounded on the basis of the budget under incomes and expenses of a veterinary service for forthcoming month by the senior veterinary of an integrated poultry farm, with the count of the planned veterinarno-sanitary measures (see the appendix, page 18) and is compounded with the main veterinarian. The application surrenders in accounts department of an integrated poultry farm which secretes money resources on purchase of the specified preparations. Managing a veterinary dispensary concludes contracts with the enterprises delivering medical products, materials, etc., makes out waybills and other documentation. For reception of medicines, disinfectant, deratizatsionnyh a means, etc. with the purpose of carrying out of treatment-and-prophylactic measures shop veterinarians fill in the waybill (see below) where specify the name of a necessary means and his quantity and where it is necessary to send.
The waybill is given a managing veterinary dispensary which in turn prepares and sends the ordered medical products in shops, and waybills uses for the report which is handed over in accounts department of an integrated poultry farm where the control over an expenditure of a material means is in parallel conducted. All cramps on locomotion of medicines, container and other materials are brought in the computer program " Materials ".
1. Planning.
By a veterinary service of an economy are compounded streaming and operating plans. To current plans of the veterinary measures developed on year, concern the annual plan of antiepizootic, treatment-and-prophylactic and veterinarno-sanitary measures on an integrated poultry farm (the plan is resulted in the appendix, page 19), the plan on expenses of a veterinary service for forthcoming year (see the appendix, page 20), the plan of an introduction of new technologies and techniques for forthcoming year (see the appendix, page 21), the plan of improvement of professional skill of veterinarians (see the appendix, page 22), etc. To operating plans concern the plan - schedule of veterinary measures in shops for streaming month, the plan on subsidiary services for forthcoming month (see the appendix, page 23), the plan of carrying out of veterinarno-sanitary measures on poultry-farming shops and on all integrated poultry farm for a month (see the appendix, page 24), the plan of liquidation of highly infectious diseases of birds (it is compounded at industrial necessity), etc. The basic operating plan at well-being of an economy on highly infectious diseases of birds is the plan - the schedule of veterinarno-sanitary measures on shop for forthcoming month. In this plan specify number of the case and a hall, age of a bird the first date, quantity of a bird in a hall, and also plan on days necessary veterinarno-sanitary measures. Within a month times of carrying out of such measures can vary, in dependence on various circumstances. So, objects of monthly planning for shop of cultivation of repair young plants on an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " are: Diagnostic researches on pulloroz, prophylactic vaccinations against disease Mareka, Newcastle, Gamboro, a contagious bronchitis, treatment-and-prophylactic processings against kolibakterioza and a salmonellosis, a coccidiosis, dissection of the gorged bird, dezinfektsionnye works (washing and disinfection of cellular partitions, waterbowls, feeders, damp disinfection of rooms, aerosolic disinfection of rooms, refuelling dezbarjerov and dezkovrikov), reception of biological preparations and medicines from vetapteki, holiday of medicines and biological preparations to veterinary orderlies, deratizatsionnye and dezinsektsionnye works.
The annual plan antiepizootic and veterinarno-prophylaxises is the basic scheduled document. Such plan is compounded by the main veterinary of an integrated poultry farm on forthcoming year and affirms director of an integrated poultry farm and the head of department of a veterinary science of Ekaterinburg. It is compounded on the basis of the train diagram of a bird developed by the main zootechnician of an integrated poultry farm, the epizootic situation developed in an economy, the used circuit of vaccination of a bird, dezinfektsionnyh and deratizatsionnyh works, with the count of cramps submitted by shop doctors and managing industrial - technological veterinary laboratory (PTVZL). This plan includes diagnostic researches, measures of prophylaxis and liquidation of communicable diseases of birds, veterinarno-sanitary measures and laboratory researches.
In work of a veterinary service of an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " the normative method of planning of labour input of all complex of antiepizootic, treatment-and-prophylactic and veterinarno-sanitary measures is used. This method is characterized by an introduction of the technically substantiated specifications for definition of labour input of annual plans of antiepizootic, treatment-and-prophylactic and veterinarno-sanitary measures, and also requirement for biological preparations, medicines, dezinfektsionnyh and other material means that is very important for formation of basic elements of cost of veterinary measures at contagious and noncontagious diseases of a bird. The normative method of planning is directed on maintenance of a uniform distribution of veterinary works on weeks, months, quarters and years.
Carry out in an economy and inventory of biological preparations, medicines, disinfectants, veterinary devices, instruments and equipments with the purpose of definition of requirement for them and calculation of expenses of money resources.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE SICK RATE AND THE EPIZOOTY OF REPAIR YOUNG PLANTS OF HENS - LAYERS AT DISPEPSIC DISTRESSES IN SHOP OF CULTIVATION AND THE INCUBATION OF THE INTEGRATED POULTRY FARM " SVERDLOVSK ".
Definition: the Dispepsia of young plants (dyspepsia subolis) - is characterized by deep functional deflections of activity of a gastrointestinal tract therefore processes of digestion and a nutritive absorption of a forage are broken, and shows infringement of digestion, a metabolism, a progressing emaciation and a breakdown. The young plants of a bird in the age of up to 3-4íåäåëü. are sick
A pathogeny: At a dispepsia under influence of etiological factors function of glands of a stomach, an intestines and a pancreatic gland is oppressed, motor, digesting function and function of an absorption of a stomach and an intestines is broken. In this connection enzymatic activity of gastric and intestinal juice is lowered, alimentiry glands secrete incomplete under the content of ferments the juices, unable is high-grade to digest forages. The motility of stomaches and an intestines can be reflexly forced in the beginning, and then is relaxed. All this conducts to accumulation in a gastrointestinal tract various pathological decomposition product of the forages which are subject to rotting and fermentation, activization of a pathogenic intestinal microflora, from an intestines unoxidized decay products and microbic toxins are absorbed. Therefore the general intoxication of an organism quickly educes, is broken water and the protein metabolism, descends weakening function of cardiovascular system and there can come mors (a toxic dispepsia).
On an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk ", in shop of cultivation and an incubation for 1998 year the epizooty and a culling of young plants of a bird from dispepsic distresses has made 12847 goal. Or 33,1 % falls at a dispepsia in structure of the general epizooty of a bird. The greatest sick rate by a dispepsia and a withdrawal from it were observed in the first days of method of young plants from an incubator cellar. The economic injury from the given disease for 1998 year has made 449645 roubles.
An etiology: the Main etiological factors was infringement of a temperature regimen at cultivation, infringement of conditions of a feeding of chickens in a postembryonal period on a background of congenital disbolism: poor quality of mixed foods, premature introduction in a ration of animal forages, etc.
Clinical attributes: At chickens the general oppression, asthenia, flabbiness, dropping or absence of appetite, an attrition was marked. Chickens are forced down in a heap, weakly react on external razdrazhiteli. At sick chickens the head is lowered, the neck is extended, eyelids are half closed. A leather anemic, dry, thin. The diarrhoea, a dung fluid, albesent, yellow, flavovirent or brownish colour, an acidic odour, contains a significant amount of slime and not digested particles of a forage. The pappus around of a sink is polluted with faecal matters. At some chickens toniko-clonic spasms, an anaemia and death of a bird were marked.
Pathoanatomical changes: Corpses are exhausted, the muscles atrophied, a leather thin. In an oral cavity rich tough slime. The mucous membrane of an esophagus and a crop is inflamed, coated with slime. The crop is filled with fodder masses. The mucous membrane of a ferruterous stomach is inflamed, coated with the rich tough slime, swelled up a little. Thin and large intestines are overflown with fluid not digested fodder masses, blind processes are ventricose. The mucous membrane of an intestines is inflamed, coated with slime, in some cases with extravasations. A liver flabby, with venous stagnation, with attributes of a fatty degeneration.
The diagnosis: has been put on the establishment of clinical symptoms, results of pathoanatomical dissection, the analysis of character of a feeding and laboratory diagnosis, with the purpose of exception pulloroza and a coccidiosis.
Prophylaxis and treatment: Sick chickens have subjected to a culling, and as a prophylactic means has been solved to use a preparation " Erakond ", earlier in an economy not used. This preparation has been tested on group of chickens in 48000ãîëîâ, and the received results were compared to control group, also in 48000ãîëîâ. the summary of the given preparation and the circuit of his application is below resulted.
The circuit of application of a preparation " Erakond ", as the plastic form, on group of chickens in 48òûñ.ãîëîâ.
A course Age, dn Frequency rate the Charge of a preparation for a day. The charge of a preparation on a course,
5 days 1 once a day2001000
7 days 10 once a day2451715
7äíåé 25 once a day4032821
7 days 40 once a day5183626
IN TOTAL 9162
The note: to chickens in the age of 1-5 days a preparation gave with water at the rate of 50 mg / kg of a forage. Further the additive admixed with forages in feed preporation shops, preliminary solving in 10-fold volume in odes with temperature 50-60Ñ, at the rate of 30 mg / kg of a forage. 4 courses have been lead: 1 - 5äíåé, the subsequent on 7äíåé with intervals of 10 days. Researches were carried out by me in December on a post - acting as a veterinarian of shop of cultivation and an incubation.
CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF THE PREPARATION " ERAKOND ", WITH THE PURPOSE OF PROPHYLAXIS OF DISPEPSIC DISTRESSES.
Calculation of the economic injury caused by a dispepsia:
1. Economic injury from an epizooty and the compelled killing of young plants at a dispepsia in the first in which prophylaxis by the given preparation was carried out, and in the second, control group (the charge of forages in both groups was identical):
Ó1=M * (Ñï+Âï*Ò*Ö)-Ñô, where
M - the quantity gorged or is compelled killed birds, heads (in the first group - 174ãîë., in the second - 211ãîë.),
Sp - cost of young plants at a birth (15 roubles),
Vp - a daily average gain of alive mass, kg (in the first group - 0,0115, in the second - 0,0103),
T - age of the gorged bird, dn. (30 dn.),
TS - cost of a unit of production (1 kg of alive mass - 5,13ðóá.),
Sf - monetary proceeds from processing products of a killing or cadaveric raw material on mjasokostnuju a meal (in the first group - 28 roubles, in the second group - 34ðóá.),
Ó1 for the first group=174 * (15+0,0115*30*5,13) - 28=2889,95 roubles
Ó1 for the second group=211 * (15+0,0103*30*5,13-34=3465,47 roubles
2. Economic injury from downstroke of efficiency (average daily gain):
Ó2=Ì3 * (Â1-Â2) *Ò*Ö, where
Ì3 - quantity of a bird, heads,
Â1-an average daily gain at a bird of the first group,
Â2 - an average daily gain at a bird of the second group,
T - duration of observation (30 days).
Ó2=48000 * (0,0115-0,0103 *30*5,13=8864,64
3. The total sum of actual economic injury has made: in the first group: Ó=2889,95ðóá., in the second group: Ó=3465,47+8864,64=12330,11ðóá.,
In total 15220,06ðóá.
Calculation of material and labour expenses:
4. A payment for the season of preparation " Erakonda " to a feeding (time of preparation " Erakonda " - 1÷àñ):
Working costs of 1 hour of the poultry woman and the worker of a feed preporation shop 8,74ðóá.,
Hence, the payment of the poultry woman has made: 8,74*5=43,7 roubles,
And the worker of a feed preporation shop: 8,74*21=183,54ðóá.
In total 227,4ðóá.
5. Material inputs: cost 1êã. " Erakonda " 567ðóá., for prophylaxis it has been spent, it agrees above to the stated circuit 9,162êã.
Material inputs have made 567*9,162=5194,85ðóá.
6. In total material and labour expenses: Çâ=5194,85+227,4=5422,25ðóá.
Calculation of economic efficiency of a preparation " Erakond ":
7. Calculation of the injury prevented by prophylaxis of a dispepsia of young plants by a preparation " Erakond ":
Ïó=Ó (the second group) - At (the first group), Ïó=3465,47-2889,95=575,52ðóá.
8. Calculation of economic benefit received as a result of prophylaxis of a dispepsia of young plants:
Ýâ=Ïó+Äñ+Ýç-Çâ, where
Ds - the cost received in addition for the account augmentation of an average daily gain,
Ez - economy labour and material inputs as a result of application of more effective means,
Zv - expenses for carrying out of prophylaxis of dispepsic distresses.
Ýâ=575,52+8864,64+0-5422,25=4017,91ðóá.
9. Definition of economic efficiency of a preparation " Erakond " counting upon 1 rouble of expenses:
Ýð=Ýâ/Çâ, Ýð=4017,91/5422,25=0,74ðóá.
DISCUSSION OF THE RECEIVED RESULTS.
As a result of economic calculations it has been found out, that use of a preparation " Erakond ", as a prophylactic means of dispepsic distresses at young plants of a bird gives downstroke of a level of a sick rate on 0,08 %, augmentation of an average daily gain on 1,2 g and consequently raises efficacyy and profitability of manufacture. The augmentation of safety and efficiency enlarges the sum of the self-financing paid to a veterinary service, and, hence, enlarges also wages, both veterinarians, and other workers of a poultry breeding (poultry women, workers of a feed preporation shop).
The plans of veterinary measures amounted in an economy concrete enough, have quantitative expression, calendar times of performance, parameters of the monetary expenses necessary on their practical implementation. They are correlated to personnel, material and financial opportunities, developed with the count an antiepizootic situation in an economy. In my opinion, planning of the veterinary measures exercised in an economy, corresponds to industrial conditions and to the full promotes rising of profitability and a production efficiency.
I think, that precise classification of workers existing at factory and the group form of the organization of work promotes correct formation of collective of a service, scheduled adjustment, allows to analyze expenses of work of various categories of workers in the cost price of poultry-farming production and to improve the organization and system of material stimulation of work.
High efficacyy of organizational work of veterinarians of an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " it is proved in practice and it is expressed in high parameters of safety of a bird and stable epizootic well-being of an economy.
BREEDINGS AND OFFERS.
I think, that the main causes of originating of dispepsic distresses at young plants on an integrated poultry farm is the deflection from hygienic specifications of a microclimate, especially a thermal factor in poultry-farming rooms, infringement of conditions of a feeding of chickens in a postembryonal period on a background of the congenital disbolism, caused poor quality of mixed foods, poor quality of water (a plenty gland, Sodium nitritums, high microbic number).
In an economy, in my opinion, in insufficiently complete volume it is carried out diagnosis of diseases of a noncontagious etiology (frequently only by results of pathoanatomical dissection), are insufficiently developed measures on liquidation and prophylaxis of noncontagious diseases of birds, it is especial not enough attention is given diseases of a metabolism.
As a result of the lead experiment and calculations it fixed, that a preparation " Erakond " insignificantly improves a parameter of safety of young plants, due to some downstroke of a level of a sick rate and an epizooty of a bird from dispepsic distresses, and also rather essentially raises daily average additional weights that promotes the best conversion of a forage and reduces a net cost of production. Economic benefit of application " Erakonda " in shop of cultivation of an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " has made 4017,91 roubles (0,74 roubles on 1 rouble of expenses).
On the basis of all aforesaid and the received results I have developed series of offers for veterinary services of an integrated poultry farm " Sverdlovsk " with the purpose of downstroke of a level of dispepsic distresses at young plants of hens - layers: - the Daily control over a condition of a microclimate, especially in temperature and humidity in halls,
- Improvement of conditions of a feeding and the content of a bird of parental herd,
- More careful sorting of daily chickens,
- Additional entering into a ration into the first days of life of a chicken of a milk powder up to 5 % from mass of a forage, an ascorbic acid in a dose 50ãð on 1òîííó mixed foods and a calcium chloride in a dose 200ãð on ton of a mixed food,
- Daily clinical inspection of a livestock and well-timed revealing of sick chickens,
- Application of various biostimulus, in particular " Erakond ", With the purpose of prophylaxis of dispepsic distresses under the circuit which has been described in work,
- Improvement of quality of water (its filtration, a disinfection, way addition paraforma),
- the Regular control over quality of water in PTZVL integrated poultry farms.
THE LITERATURE.
- Magazine " the Veterinary science " (¹ 8,1996ã.),
- Magazine " the Veterinary science " (¹ 9,1996ã.),
- Magazine " the Veterinary science " (¹ 10,1996ã.),
- Magazine " the Veterinary science " (¹ 11,1996ã.),
- A.G.Ginzburg " the Organization and planning of a veterinary affair " (Ì., 1985ã.),
- V.F.Gusev, G.A.Kononov " the Manual by diseases of birds " (Ë., 1969ã.),
- " the Organization and economy of a veterinary affair " under A.D.Tretjakova's edition (Ì., 1987ã.), F.M.Orlov " Diseases of birds " (Ì., 1971ã.),
- V.I.Petrenko Methodical indicatings on performance of Course work on " the Organizations and economy of a veterinary affair " (Ekaterinburg, 1996ã.) (Sverdlovsk, 1982ã.),
- " Pathoanatomical diagnosis of diseases of birds " under red. Shishkova K.S. (Ì., 1978ã.).
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