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COURSE WORK
in a subject " the Organization and economy of a veterinary affair and »?«???«?????"

Theme: " the Organization of antiepizootic measures on SHalinskoj regional veterinary ????µ??"

the CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE ANTIEPIZOOTIC MEASURES SPENT AT STATIONS ON STRUGGLE AGAINST DISEASES OF ANIMALS
3. GENERAL PROPHYLAXIS
4. SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS
5. CHARACTERISTICS SHALINSKOJ OF REGIONAL STATION AND THE ZONE OF ITS SERVICE
6. PROPHYLACTIC ANTIEPIZOOTIC MEASURES, SPENT FOR AREA SHALINSKOM
7. DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCHES
8. PROPHYLAXISES
9. MEDICAL - IMPROVING PROCESSINGS
10. BREEDINGS
11. THE LIST OF THE USED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION.

In spite of the fact that now about 65 % of the population of the country lives in cities, a paramount problem of a veterinary service there is a maintenance of veterinarno-sanitary well-being first of all in rural regions. A veterinary service in area provide and monitor such veterinary official bodies, as regional veterinary stations and regional veterinary laboratories, and also experts of the enterprises and the organizations of a departmental veterinary science. In dependence on volume of work and specificity of veterinary activity in settlements and villages veterinary districts, stations on struggle against a rabies can be organized.

The purpose of the given course work - having analysed the plan of prophylactic antiepizootic measures in SHalinskoj regional station to find out, in what degree performance of the plan corresponds to veterinary normative demands.

Problems:

• To study an epizootic situation in area and to compare her to the plan of antiepizootic measures;
• To study times of performance and volume of carrying out of mass processings of animals;
• To reveal deflections of the used plan from the demands showed by the Veterinary legislation.

THE ANTIEPIZOOTIC MEASURES PLANNED AT REGIONAL VETERINARY STATIONS

Antiepizootic work represents system of prophylactic and improving measures which primary goal is reduced to building nonperishable well-being on communicable diseases of animals with the purpose of prophylaxis of disease and an epizooty of cattle, to maintenance of scheduled development of animal husbandry and rising of his efficiency, and also protection of the population from zooantroponoznyh diseases.

Antiepizootic work is carried out in three interconnected directions:

· Carrying out in safe economies, settlements, areas, ranges of prophylaxises on protection of terrains against drift of causal organisms of infectious diseases of animals from the outside and prophylaxis of diffusion of diseases in the specified administrative terrains.

· Carrying out in unsuccessful economies on communicable diseases, settlements and areas of the improving measures directed on liquidation of concrete disease.

· Guarding of people from zooantroponoznyh infections.

Antiepizootic work is under construction on the certain principles: the state character and compulsion of the count, a prophylactic orientation, planned character, integrated approach and secretion of a leading link epizootic a chain having crucial importance in prophylaxis and liquidation of a concrete communicable disease (3.)

Antiepizootic measures are more effective, if they is well-timed are started, therefore it is the extremely important to notify organs of a veterinary inspection on each case of exhibiting of communicable diseases.

Antiepizootic measures should have complex character, i.e. to influence all parts epizootic chains. Measures should be directed on isolation and neutralizations of a source of a contagium, a breakage of the mechanism of transfer of the causal organism and rising of the general and specific resistance of animals (4). However in struggle against each communicable disease it is necessary to tap leading part, influence on which allows to reach the greatest success in the shortest time. Therefore before scheduling measures find out a concrete epizootic situation, collect and analyze the data on diffusion of communicable diseases of animals in concrete terrain for the certain time and all factors promoting or handicapping diffusion of disease.

General prophylaxis.

It is series permanent and everywhere spent measures of veterinarno-sanitary and organizational - economic character directed on prophylaxis of communicable diseases. It is carried out in a zone of service of Nizhnevartovsk veterinary station on struggle against diseases of animals immediately by owners of animals under the control of veterinary experts of station.

Into this group enter:

1. Security - restrictive measures by transportation and moving of animals and raw material of an animal origin, and also the control over acquisition of herds.
2. Prophylactic quarantine of again acted animals.
3. Selection of breeds with heritable resistance to diseases.
4. the High-grade and rational feeding, normal disposition and operation of animals.
5. the Scheduled veterinary control over health of animals well-timed secretion, isolation and treatment of patients.
6. Regular clearing and disinfection of rooms, stock, terrain.
7. Well-timed harvesting, a disinfection and recycling of a dung, corpses of animal, industrial and biological waste products.
8. Regular carrying out of deratization, a disinfection and disinfection.
9. Maintenance in an appropriate sanitary condition of pastures, lines for run of cattle and places of a watering place of cattle.
10. Functioning of the cattle-breeding enterprises for phylum of the closed economies with the closed interfarm cycle.
11. Maintenance of the attendants with special clothes, footwear and subjects of personal hygiene.

Character of action of the general prophylaxises is universal. Their antiepizootic value is reduced not only to prophylaxis, in case of exhibiting communicable diseases they automatically warn their further diffusion, constrain development of epizooties. Therefore such measures should be carried out constantly, irrespective of an epizootic situation (4.)

Specific prophylaxis.

It is special system of the measures directed on the prevention of any concrete communicable diseases. To specific prophylaxis concern:

1. Carrying out of special diagnostic researches.
2. the Immunoprophylaxis by application of vaccines, wheys, immunoglobulins, etc. according to plans of antiepizootic measures.
3. Application of a treatment-and-prophylactic means of special purpose (premiksy, aerosols for prophylaxis of nutritional and aerosolic infections).

CHARACTERISTICS SHALINSKOJ OF REGIONAL VETERINARY STATION AND THE ZONE OF ITS SERVICE

The area Shalinsky is in a zone with a temperate climate, the mid-annual temperature compounds 16,8°Ñ, the mid-annual quantity of a rainfall compounds 580 mm, fluctuations of an atmospheric pressure in limens of year of 714-750 mm Hg, a relief hilly, metrological feature of area Shalinskogo compounds a watershed which passes in terrain of area. A watershed of two rivers - CHusovaja and Sylva in which basins there is an area Shalinsky.

In terrain of area many fine rivulets, but the biggest - the river Chusovaja, Sylva, set of water reservoirs and ponds. The area adjoins on the Perm range. Archinskim and Nizhne-areas Serginskim.

The terrain on which the area settles down, on climatic conditions concerns to the central agroclimatic zone of range, with a good moisture, in the long winter, in the serotinal cold spring, and in the early rainy autumn. Duration of a frost-free period on the average 120-130 days. Soil various, basically sod-podzolic, podsolic and a chernozem.

In area the wood-working industry which compounds 70 % from the gross revenue is well advanced. Now on area the following lespromhozy function: Ilimsky, SHalinsky, Achitsky, Kashkinsky, Vogulsky, Sarginsky, in settlement SHalja the furniture factory functions. In restoration of wood resources are engaged Kashkinskoe, Sylvinskoe, Sabikovskoe, SHalinskoe a forestry.

In the Old Duck there is a metal works, the branch of the Ural optiko-mechanical factory is in a settlement. The agriculture of area is advanced rather and submitted: KSP " the Grove ", KSP " the Ray ", KSP " New life ", KSP " ?????", and also part-time farms at Storotkinskom metzavode, Kashtkinskom lespromhoze. Vogulskom lespromhoze.

The basic branch of an agriculture is the animal husbandry, the plant growing can be surveyed as an ancillary industry as all rastenievodcheskaja production goes on a feeding an animal. All economies of area on 100 % provide themselves juicy and roughages, in part concentrates. In economies cultivate vegetables: a potato, carrot, cabbage, food roots, and also such grain cultures, as rozh, wheat, oves, barley, peas, a buckwheat. Economies specialize on manufacture of milk and meat, there is a dairy mill, on turn sausage shop. A mid-annual milk yield on a fodder cow for 1996 year - 3552 kg, for 1997 year of-3500 kg, average quantity of fat - 3,5 %. Sale of meat for 1997 year - 556 tons, sale of milk - 3719 kg. The charge of forages on unit of a commodity output has made 1,2 k.ed.

All large horned stock contains in 10 chetyrehrjadnyh cowhouses and in II calfhouses, all rooms are constructed in the season 1970-1980-? years. The milk livestock contains on the fastened content, the young plants contain besprivjazno. In cowhouses ventilation descends a natural forced-air and exhaust way. Sexes on farms wooden, and in KSP " ?«??" sexes metal trellised. With a view of a litter use opil and straw. Harvesting of a dung is effected with the help tape scraper and shnekovyh conveyors. For poenija use automatic waterbowls. Distribution of forages effect with the help of tractors and horses, and in " New »???" on pendant carriages manually.

The milking at all enterprises is effected with the help of milking apparatuses " Ìàéãà-1", and in " ?«??" there is a milk line. Forages prepare immediately on fields, also in silo pits on 4 thousand tons, mow storages are in terrain of farms.

All staff of veterinary workers of area Shalinskogo 36 person, from which 6 with higher education compounds, the others - with special technical. On one veterinarian of area on the average it is necessary:

- 147 heads of a large horned stock,

- 136 heads of a fine horned stock,

- 3 heads of horses,

- 11 heads of pigs,

- 17 rabbits,

- 60 birds,

- 14 nutrias.

On area Shalinsky 6 veterinary dispensaries, 3 veterinary districts, 1 veterenarnaja station, 1 central accounts department are necessary. All veterenarnye workers monthly report to the chief of station. Planning and the organization of work of a veterinary service in area is carried out in conformity with duty regulations and demands of the veterinary charter.

Cramps on animals in a zone of service of station.

Number of a livestock of the animals registered at station in 2000 year:

A number of cattle only 5497 goal., including cows 1534 goal.

Pigs - 289 goal.

Horses - 127 goal.

Birds - are not taken into account at scheduling antiepizootic measures, in terrain of service of station there are no poultry-farming enterprises.

The agricultural animals belonging to private citizens, contain podvorno. Exact cramps on security of animals of a private sector forages, and also about efficiency of an adult livestock to receive it was not possible.

the Characteristics of an epizootic condition of district.

The prevention of infectious diseases is paid with special attention. For the last 3 years in terrain of service of station at animals have been registered the following contagions: an erysipelas of pigs, a dysentery of pigs, trihofitija at calfs, a strangles of horses, a gangrene at a large horned stock. Infections sarcophagous are very much eurysynusic: a plague and parvovirusnyj an enteritis of dogs, a microsporia and trihofitija.

The diagnosis on communicable diseases put on the establishment of the data of an anamnesis, take into account the epizootic data, the special attention is given clinical attributes. Laboratory diagnosis is applied, thus a material for bacteriological research refer in SHalinskuju veterinary laboratory fresh or fixed 30 - 50 % a water solution of Glycerinum. For intravital serologic diagnosis of all recorded infections refer wheys of blood from animals.

Sick agricultural animals subject to treatment (symptomatic, and in some cases specific, applying wheys and bacteriophages).

The causes of infection by infections is contact of susceptible animals to the sick animals infected with forages and subjects of a leaving, absence of vaccination. The low sanitary culture of the attendants, a long presence of a contagium in soil, other objects promotes.

As specific prophylaxis at some communicable diseases apply vaccines (at an erysipelas of pigs, trihofitii calfs, a plague and parvovirusnom the enteritis of dogs cutting lishae and microsporias sarcophagous), measures of the general prophylaxis: a high-grade feeding, optimum conditions of the content. In state farm Nizhnevartovsk carry out quarantine of again imported animals, thus animals place in a separate room for the term of 30 days. Besides in state farm prophylactic disinfection under observation of a veterinary is on a regular basis carried out: a whitewash of a ceiling and walls once a month, sanitary day in industrial rooms once a month, processing of all livestock barns in the spring and in the autumn of 2 % a solution of a caustic soda forces of workers of state farm.

THE PLAN OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIEPIZOOTIC MEASURES ON SHALINSKOJ VETERINARY STATION

The annual plan antiepizootic and veterinarno-prophylaxises is the basic scheduled document.

Number of the cattle stock, subject to processings, dictates Control of a veterinary science of range. Proceeding from this, define requirement for the conforming biological preparations, beforehand get them. Veterinarians of the settlements subordinated to city receive biological preparations at city station under demands; treat cattle the forces.

Before carrying out of mass processings the population inform through the aboriginal newspaper on a place and time of carrying out. This work is carried out with two times in year: in the spring before the beginning of a grazing period and in the autumn after the terminal of a grazing. The compelled measures (researches, vaccination and improvement) can carry out at any time year.

This is carried out the robot as follows: terrain of city break into plots, in each of which equip the wooden machine tool for fixing animals, a platform for animals and an instrument table and documentation. Veterinary experts of station leave on the automobile on each plot. Work on one point is planned for two days (with an interval in 3 days): in the first day carry out a capture of blood and a tuberculinization, in the second count of reaction to introduction of a tuberculine and vaccination against a Siberian plague.

Untreated animals do not suppose in the general herd, him do not render a veterinary curing.

Diagnostic researches.

Mass diagnostic researches are planned by the following diseases:

A tuberculosis, brutsellez both a leukosis of a large horned stock and a glanders of horses.

To allergic research on a tuberculosis subject a large horned stock from two monthly ages once a year. For this purpose use a tuberculine cleared for mammals as the standard solution ready for the use.

The tuberculinization of animals is carried out by veterinaries and doctor's assistants. Before research all livestock subject to clinical inspection and a selective thermometry for exception of allergic responses on a tuberculine. For introduction of a tuberculine use needles for intradermal injections ¹0606 and syringes capacity of 2 ml with begunkom. During a tuberculinization syringe needles replace before each filling, and in pauses between injections a needle hold in a cotton plug moistened in 70 % alcohol. The tuberculine is introduced intradermally, to a large horned stock in an average third of neck in a dose of 0,2 ml. Before introduction a wool in a place of an injection clip, the leather is treated with 70 % alcohol. The count and an assessment of reaction to introduction of a tuberculine carry out in 72 hours after introduction; at the count of reaction at each animal palpate and examine a place of introduction of a tuberculine.

Positive reaction shows as razlitoj swellings testovatoj a consistence which is not having precise borders with an environmental tissue. Education of a dropsy it is accompanied by rising of aboriginal temperature, a hyperemia and morbidity of the inflamed plot of a leather. At strongly expressed dermal reaction can the prescapular lymph node will increase. At detection of changes in a place of introduction of a tuberculine measure kutimetrom depth of a crimp in millimeters and define size of its thickening sravnivaniem with depth of a crimp of not changed leather near to a place of introduction.

Cows consider responding on a tuberculine at a thickening of a dermal crimp on 3 ml. With responding animals act in the order stipulated by the instruction about measures on prophylaxis and liquidation of a tuberculosis of animals. On the terminal of work compound the certificate and the inventory of all livestock of the investigated animals (see. The appendix). The documentation is stored in affairs of veterinary station. During the last 10 flying positive reaction to a tuberculine was never recorded.

On brutsellyoz and a leukosis research animals serologicheski, for this purpose to Nizhnevartovsk veterinary laboratory refer whey of blood of animals. On brutsellyoz animals from 3 monthly ages, on a leukosis from 6 months are exposed to research; once a year.

Blood from large animals take from a jugular vein. A puncture of a vein carry out needle Bobrova. Typing in test glasses blood, watch that blood did not froth and flew down on a wall, for an avoidance of a haemolysis. From large animals take 7-10 ml of blood. On each test glass attach a label with a serial number of an animal, do the conforming record in magazine of registration of the processed animals. Then blood in test glasses place at 1-2 o'clock in a warm place for turning; then in cool - for upholding. Merge whey in test glasses Florinskogo, put in a support and refer to laboratory with narochnym. Make out the covering note and the inventory of animals.

In laboratory for diagnosis brutsellyoza put an agglutination test and a reaction of binding complement, on a leukosis - reaction of an immunodiffusion. In case of positive reaction of animals isolate and research repeatedly in 30 days, at repeated positive reaction hand over on a meat-packing plant.

Research of horses for a glanders (malleinization) plan annually (once a year) with scope of all livestock. A unscheduled malleinization carry out before a killing of horses and before transportation, and also again arrived animals. To diagnosis apply a mallein. A mallein put on a conjunctive of an able-bodied eye in quantity 5 dropping. Effect test in the morning, take into account her at 3-6-9 o'clock and the next morning. Positive reaction is characterized by a purulent conjunctivitis. The conjunctive intensively reddens, swells, is observed pripuhanie eyelids and closure of an eye. At feebly marked reaction pus is present only at an internal angle of an eye. Doubtful reaction - an intensive reddening of a conjunctive, a swelling of eyelids and a lacrimation. At absence of reaction of eyes remains normal or the mild reddening of a conjunctive and a lacrimation is observed.

In case of doubtful reaction test effect repeatedly in 5-6 days in the same eye. Repeated reaction comes in 2-5 hours and usually is more sharply expressed.

Diagnostic researches sarcophagous include microscopic examinations of dogs and cats on a microsporia and trihofitiju, and also researches on otodektoz. In cases when dogs will bite somebody, for exception of a rabies of such dogs subject to clinical inspection, contain in an isolated room in flow of 10 days and conduct daily inspection. Results of observations record in special magazine. After the expiration 10 diurnal times at absence of clinical attributes of a rabies vaccinate a dog against a rabies and give away the information.

Prophylaxises.

Preservative inoculations plan against the following diseases: a Siberian plague, a gangrene, trihofitija, an erysipelas and a swine fever, a rabies and a plague sarcophagous.

The large horned stock, a fine horned stock and horses impart against a Siberian plague once a year, with 3 - monthly age. Do not immunize weak, exhausted and samok last month pregnancy. For them appoint additional doprivivochnyj day. Use for vaccination a vaccine against a Siberian plague from a strain 55. Needles and before use boil syringes, after work boil 1 hour per 2 % a solution of soda. The place of an injection is disinfected with 3 % a solution of a phenol. A vaccine introduce subcutaneously into range of an average third of neck in a dose:

- MRS - 0,5 ml.

- KRS and horses - 1ìë.

On the terminal of work the certificate is compounded.

Against a gangrene vaccinate a large horned stock in the age of from 3 months up to 4 flying, apply concentrated gidrookisaljuminievuju formolvaktsinu against emfizematoznogo carbuncle KRS and ovets in a dose of 2 ml once a year.

Against trihofitii vaccinate a large horned stock taking place in part-time farms, the private cattle is not exposed to such processing.

Trihofitiju profilaktirujut introduction of a vaccine inactivated against dermatophytoses KRS and horses which is introduced subcutaneously unitary pullet animal till 8 months in a dose of 1 ml, an animal than 8 months - 2 ml are more senior.

Against a swine fever vaccinate svinopogolovje public sector. For this purpose use virusvaktsinu from a strain To against a classical swine fever.

A vaccine solve in a normal saline solution, keeping rules of an asepsis and protecting from direct solar rays. Apply within 2 hours after its dissolution. A vaccine introduce intramuscularly. Vaccinate adult 1ðàç in year; pigs in the age of 45 days, a revaccination in 90 days, further once a year.

Against an erypsipelas of pigs vaccinate a vaccine against an erypsipelas of pigs from strain ÂÐ-2 alive dry. In economies vaccinate all livestock; in a private sector only in cases when there is a vaccine. A vaccine introduce to clinically able-bodied pigs from 2 monthly ages, it is intramuscular for an ear, repetition in 25-30 days, and in 5 months in a dose of 1 ml; pigs than 4 months are more senior impart in a dose 1ìë. and revaktsinirujut in 5 months in the same dose. About the lead vaccination compound the certificate (see. The appendix).

Sarcophagous are exposed to a compulsory vaccination against a rabies. For this purpose antirabic inactivated dry kulturalnaja from strain Ù¸ëêîâî-51 the vaccine is applied to dogs and cats. Vaccinate animals from 6-month's age unitary (with the subsequent revaccination in 1 year and further everyone 2 years) or twice with an interval of 20-40 days with the subsequent unitary immunization in each two years. Thus the mark in *quot is done; Magazine of prophylactic inoculations of dogs against ?????????".

Vaccination of dogs against a plague is not obligatory. A plague sarcophagous have excluded from obligatory forms of the reporting, the data on vaccination are recorded only. On Nizhnevartovsk statsii her effect at the request of owners of dogs a complex vaccine " ????¬" against a plague sarcophagous and parvovirusnogo an enteritis from 2 monthly ages, intramuscularly, 1 dose on a head. A revaccination after change of tooths in 6-7 monthly age.

Medical - improving processings

Medical - improving processings of animals concern invasion diseases and include degelmintizatsiju pigs and horses, and also processing of a large horned stock against a hypodermic gadfly.

BREEDINGS.

Carrying out the analysis of antiepizootic measures exercised in area Shalinskom, it is possible to note, that they are carried out when due hereunder and in the times stipulated by instructions on prophylaxis and liquidation of the conforming contagions. However the following disadvantages have been revealed:

• Often infringement of the plan of vaccination of a large horned stock in the agricultural enterprises (in 1997 infringement of the plan of vaccination of cows against a gangrene has resulted in flash of the given disease in a settlement. Staroutkinsk);
• the disinvasion before vaccinations is not carried out;
• Infringement karantinirovanija again arrived animals in many area SPK;
• Infringements of technology of a burial place of the animals who have gorged from infectious diseases;
• the Joint grazing of a large and fine horned stock in terrain of area that can activate epizootic process at diseases, for them the general.

All specified infringements promote maintenance of epizooties in area. Therefore it is necessary with the purpose of stabilization and improvements of an epizootic situation to take into account the specified infringements.

THE LIST OF THE USED LITERATURE:

1. Altuhov N.M., Afanasjev V.I.manual of a veterinary. Ì., " Kolos ", 1996ã.
2. the Veterinary legislation. That 2,3,4. Under A.D.Tretjakova's edition. Ì., " Kolos ", 1972ã.
3. the Organization and economy of a veterinary affair. Under A.D.Tretjakova's edition. Ì., " Agropromizdat ", 1984ã.
4. the Epizootology and communicable diseases. Under A.A.Konopatkina's edition. Ì., " Kolos ", 1993ã.

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