COURSE WORK
on " the Organizations and economy veterinary "
the Theme: ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY of the PREPARATION " ÍÈÔÓËÈÍ-forte" AT PROPHYLAXIS of the COCCIDIOSIS of PIGS IN COLLECTIVE FARM " RED "
THE CONTENT.
- Introduction
- the Brief characteristics of an economy
- the Characteristics of a veterinary service of an economy
- the Analysis of a sick rate and an epizooty from a coccidiosis on a pig breeding farm of state farm " Red ????n"
- Calculation of economic efficiency of application of a preparation " Íèôóëèí-?«???" with the purpose of prophylaxis of a coccidiosis at pigs
- Discussion of the received results
- Breedings and offers
- the Literature
- the Appendix
INTRODUCTION.
The primary goals, decided a veterinary science and practice now, are improvement of quality of a food stuff and animal raw material, the decision of problems of prophylaxis of diseases, the general for the person and animals, and also guarding of the country from drift of causal organisms of special dangerous diseases and protection of an external environment.
Transition to market attitudes in all spheres of a national economy, including veterinary science - introduction of paid veterinary services according to the accepted Law of the Russian Federation " About ???????????" and " to Regulations about industrial veterinary ??????" has demanded a basic change of forms and methods of the organization of a veterinary affair in the Russian Federation. There was an objective necessity of intensifying of professional and economic preparation of the veterinary expert, an introduction of effective commercial forms of the organization of a veterinary service of animal husbandry and development of veterinary business for the country, and also the profound studying of new effective forms and methods of the organization of a veterinary affair, development of methods of the analysis of economic efficiency of veterinary measures with use of computer technique, knowledge of reacting normativno-legislative and legal certificates on a veterinary science, the state, industrial and commercial activity, pricing, the taxation, etc. All this knowledge necessary for veterinary experts, is included with special discipline " the Organization and economy veterinary ????". She studies and improves theoretical and practical bases of the organization, planning, financing, economy and control of veterinary business.
The proceeding economic crisis in the country as a result of which federal and aboriginal budgetary assignments for a veterinary science are considerably reduced, conducts to that the basic source of financing become a means of the owner of animals, and it in turn raises the responsibility of each veterinary expert for economically effective both superfine organization and performance of veterinary measures. In conditions of market attitudes spent veterinary measures should be not only expedient and productive, but also economically effective, financial paid back and favourable to owners of animals, and also profitable for a veterinary service.
In conditions of a becoming of market economy the future of industrial and commercial veterinary services behind marketing and management. Marketing of a veterinary affair survey as the certain system of managing in conditions of market economy which includes modern forms of the decision of industrial - market problems and scientific methods of the organization of control of veterinary activity, i.e. management. Marketing will help to form optimum production programs of veterinary activity, operatively to react to developing situations in the market of veterinary services, to choose and make the most rational decisions, coordinated with concrete situations and economic conditions of the given region.
The special place in the organization of a veterinary affair now is borrowed also with a computerization of veterinary activity, that, will certainly, considerably raise efficacyy of veterinary work in the future.
The main task of the organization and economy of a veterinary affair in present conditions of market orientation is intensifying theoretical both practical preparation and retraining of veterinary experts of new type: highly professional, economic in wide circle economic, social and technological questions, with high sense of the responsibility for results of veterinary activity.
Now high enough there is a level of parasitosises on farms and integrated poultry farms that can be connected, first of all, with incomplete on energy level and unbalanced on basic elements of a feed by a feeding, not sufficient security of farms necessary technological and veterinarno-sanitary objects, incomplete security of establishments and economies the staff of veterinarians and workers of animal husbandry. Deficiency of the last does not give an opportunity to carry out treatment-and-prophylactic measures at a high professional level, in the times stipulated by the plan and with complete scope of a livestock.
A coccidiosis of pigs - seldom enough met disease arising in those pig-breeding economies, where an insufficient feeding level, the low immune status of animals. Such economy also is the state farm " Red ????n".
The purpose of the given work was calculation of economic efficiency and a substantiation of perspectivity of use of a preparation nifulin for prophylaxis of a coccidiosis at pigs and rising of a level of additional weights in conditions of state farm " Red ????n".
THE BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY.
Collective farm " Red ????n" area Bogdanovicheskogo it is posed in two kilometers from station Grjaznovskaja of the Sverdlovsk railway. The structure of collective farm includes a dairy - commodity farm (dairy - commodity cattle breeding) and a pig-farm (cultivation and a fattening of pigs on meat).
The pig-farm is in 300 m from a workmen's settlement (village Baraba). Includes 3 cases and years camp. The enclosuring of a farm is absent, sanitary inspection rooms are not equipped. The food supply own, but rations low on nutritiousness also does not correspond to age and efficiency of animals. Besides on a farm effect a meat osteal meal from corpses of pigs, the control over keeping of a regimen of a disinfection it is not effected.
On a farm 1233 heads of pigs (the data on 1.08.2000ã.), from them pigs in the age of 0-4 months of 973 heads contain.
The content of animals stall-camp. Pigsties as one-storeyed trochleas, have the rooms of the basic and auxiliary value divided into sections.
Suporosnye and podsosnye sows contain in individual machine tools, pigs - otemyshi and on a fattening in group cells, number of pigs in the machine tool 28-34 (in norm - up to 24). Are available vygulnye platforms.
The control over a condition of a microclimate is not carried out, in some window apertures there are no glasses. Illuminating intensity weak.
The dung is taken out mechanically and stored near pigsties.
Prophylactic disinfection is carried out 2 times in year, 2-3 % a solution of a caustic soda are applied. Degelmintizatsija it is carried out irregularly, it is not system, preparations are selected chaotically, without preliminary check of efficacyy.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VETERINARY SERVICE OF THE ECONOMY.
In the chapter of a veterinary service of state farm " Red ????n" there is a main veterinary, in combination main zootechnician Gaev V.D. It carries out the general management of veterinary works in state farm, carries out the control over veterinarno-sanitary condition MTF and a pig breeding farm, quality of forages, effects purchase of medical products and biological preparations. Compounds reports under the form 1 monthly, under the form 1à quarterly, under the form 2-âåò each year.
The main veterinary submits to the director, director with / for " Red ????n", Gaevoj G.A., and on special questions to the main veterinary Bogdanovicheskoj of regional veterinary station.
Except for the main thing, in state farm " Red ????n" are available in staff a veterinary the executor on a dairy - commodity farm and the veterinary assistant surgeon on a pig breeding farm.
The doctor - executor and the doctor's assistant make out the registration documentation as magazines, records in which are conducted daily. There is an out-patient magazine, magazine on vaccinations, a log-book of disinfection, a disinfection and deratization.
Charges on purchase of biological preparations, medicines, disinfectants, veterinary devices, instruments and carry out equipments due to a means of state farm, carry them on a net cost of production and will wear out in industrial - financial plans and reports.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE SICK RATE AND THE EPIZOOTY OF PIGS FROM THE COCCIDIOSIS ON THE PIG BREEDING FARM OF STATE FARM " RED ?????".
Ejmeriozy are protozoal diseases of agricultural and feral mammals, birds, the fishes, invoked koktsidijami the various kinds, parasitizing, as a rule, in an epithelium of a thin department of an intestines of animal all age. Especially hardly they proceed at pullet animals and show diarrheas, a progressing emaciation, an anaemia and an appreciable mortality. At mature animals proceed subklinicheski more often.
Ejmeriozy can invoke devastating an enzooty, causing the big injury to economies. Prevalence ejmerioza is very great. However the injury from ejmerioza is not limited to an epizooty, animals lose in a gain of mass, quality of production. Meat of the had been ill animals contains the raised quantity of free amino asids owing to what his nutritional value is reduced, it spoils at a storage faster.
Causal organisms and an epizootology ejmerioza pigs. Koktsidii pigs are strictly specific in the attitude of a host and at other kinds do not meet. Now 13 kinds koktsidy pigs, however some from them are described, apparently, are not independent kinds since are described only on oocytes.
Infection rate of young plants koktsidijami can be from 30 up to 92 % and is higher, the highest invazirovannost young plants in the age of 4-6 months. In an external environment oocytes of causal organisms in a plenty awakely are secreted with sick animals. The had been ill animals, and also pigs with a subclinical invasion also secrete a plenty an oocyte. Oocytes koktsidy pollute sexes, litters, feeders of pigsties, vygulnye court yard, pastures, forages, water, terrain of farms. Many oocyte contains in a dung and in a liquid dung vygulnyh platforms. Mechanically carry oocytes koktsidy the attendants (with subjects of a leaving, footwear), and also rats, mice, flies, dogs, cats can.
Appearance of a coccidiosis is promoted by such factors as dampness and warm air in pigsties in which there is a sporogony an oocyte, irregular harvesting of a dung, excessive density of disposition of animals, an incomplete feeding, it is especial sows (a disadvantage of protein, vitamins, microelements). In economies of blended type (reproduktorno-feeding) with bezvygulnym the content of sows with pigs from dry, pure loud-speakers in polluted with oocytes koktsidy rooms translation of pigs is especially dangerous to a feeding livestock.
All over again invazirujutsja separate animals. Then they start to secrete huge quantity an oocyte, and descends mass perezarazhenie the pigs which are taking place on a fattening.
A coccidiosis of a pig catch at zaglatyvanii with water and a grass and with other forages sporulirovannyh an oocyte. Pigs catch in the first days of life through the udder of mother polluted with oocytes. Suckling - pigs on the second month of life and otjemyshi are especially susceptible to infection.
Seasonal dynamics of a coccidiosis of pigs is various. In Sverdlovsk range the maximal extensiveness and intensity of an invasion observe in September - first half of October.
Koktsidii pigs are rather resistant in an external environment against the low temperatures, many chemical substances.
A pathogeny. Development of disease process begins with penetration sporozoitov in epithelial cells of an intestines of pigs. Owing to a merogony there is a mass destruction of epithelial cells. Some kinds ejmery inpour not only into superficial cells, but also is deeper, blasting capillaries of vessels, therefore in excrements find out blood. Through a damaged wall of an intestines the microflora inpours and invokes the additional locus of an inflammation, and in the subsequent and a necrosis. In a thin department of an intestines the basic phylum of digestion - membranous is broken. The hydrolysis and a nutritive absorption is broken, there comes a chronic hunger of an organism of an animal. Inflammatory processes on a mucous membrane and its necrosises enlarge a clump of an exudate in a lumen of an intestines which complicates an absorption of a liquid in an organism of an animal. Consequence of these processes are diarrheas which frame conditions of a negative water balance in an organism sarcophagous, enlarge viscosity of blood and complicate a cardiac performance, being a principal cause of death of patients.
In blood of patients the quantity of erythrocytes, a haemoglobin content, Saccharum, a glutathione, catalysises and a reserve alkalinity decreases. The albuminous structure of blood also variates, decreases also quantity of albumens, the content an alpha and beta globulins, especially scale of globulins is enlarged. Downstroke of activity fosfataz a thin intestines breaks process of an absorption of amino asids, conducts to a growth inhibition and development of an organism of a host.
An intoxication of an organism products of an exchange ejmery and a putrefactive microflora, and also change of physical and chemical structure of blood conduct to infringement of nervous system, invoking oppression of animals, down to a coma, a tremor of muscles and a paralysis of extremities.
The pathogeny ejmeriozov testifies to deep infringements in an organism as a whole, and not just in an organ where are localized, causal organisms.
Disease has arisen on a pig-farm in 1999 year. The enterprise of any researches did not carry out, the diagnosis has not been put in connection with low qualification of the veterinary worker.
We in August, 2000 had been lead prophylactic medical examination svinopogolovja which results have shown, that the majority of pigs have a fatness nizhesrednej and low. Among otemyshej about 10 % *quot are recorded; ???«????®". At pigs podsosnogo the season the diarrhea which is not giving in to treatment by usual methods is marked. The daily withdrawal of pigs compounds 5-7 heads.
Also pathoanatomical dissection of five heads of pigs of different age has been lead. The basic pathoanatomical changes were localized in a thin and thick intestines. At all pigs it was marked in a thin intestines: the mucous membrane of red colour, with extravasations, is coated with slime, vessels of a mesentery sharply inetsirovany. A thick intestines: the colon outside of dirty - green colour, a mucous membrane condensed, reddish colour, with flavovirent kroshkovatymi applyings. In a lumen of an intestine - mucous foamy mass. A caecum: the mucous membrane is coated with yellowish outgrowths which are difficultly abjointed from walls. At research of a scraping from a mucous membrane of a colon oocytes koktsidy are found.
By results of clinical, pathoanatomical, microscopic examinations the diagnosis - a coccidiosis has been put.
Prophylaxis and treatment: For treatment ejmerioza the preparation nifulin-forte - the complex antibacterial and antiprotozoal preparation keeping Metronidazolum, Furazolidonum, Tetracyclinum has been offered. Represents granuljat, yellow colour, well solves in water. Reacting substances of the given preparation are absorbed from a gastrointestinal tract and inpour into the majority of organs and tissues of an organism, therapeutic concentration are kept in whey of blood not less than 12 hours after introduction, the preparation mainly with a urine and in part with excrements is deduced.
A preparation set inside, an individual way, in the morning and in the evening during 4õ days, in a dose 0,5 g/kg of mass of a body. 973 pigs have been processed.
In a month after the lead measures repeated helmintologic research of a faecal matter of the pigs processed nifulinom has been lead. Individual ejmerii have been found only in one test from thirty.
CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF THE PREPARATION " ÍÈÔÓËÈÍ-?????" FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF THE COCCIDIOSIS.
Calculation of the economic injury caused by a coccidiosis:
1. Economic injury from an epizooty of pigs from a coccidiosis in the first in which prophylaxis by the given preparation was carried out, and in the second, control group (the charge of forages in both groups was identical):
Ó1=M * (Ñï+Âï*Ò*Ö) - Sf, where
M - the quantity gorged or is compelled killed pigs, heads (in the first group - 2 goal., in the second - 13 goal.),
Sp - cost of young plants at a birth (40 roubles),
Vp - a daily average gain of alive mass, kg (in the first group - 0,255, in the second - 0,131),
T - age of pigs, dn. (120 dn.),
TS - cost of a unit of production (1 kg of alive mass - 16,17 roubles),
Sf - the monetary proceeds from processing products of a killing or cadaveric raw material on mjasokostnuju a meal (are not processed),
Ó1 for the first group=2 * (40+0,255*120*16,17)=1609,6 roubles
Ó1 for the second group=13 * (40+0,131*120*16,17)=3824,5 roubles
2. Economic injury from downstroke of efficiency (average daily gain):
Ó2=Ì3 * (Â1-Â2) *Ò*Ö, where
Ì3 - quantity of pigs, heads,
Â1-an average daily gain at a bird of the first group,
Â2 - an average daily gain at a bird of the second group,
T - duration of observation (30 days).
Ó2=973 * (0,255-0,131 *30*16,17=58528,28
3. The total sum of actual economic injury has made: in the first group: Ó=1609,6 roubles, in the second group: Ó=3824,5+58528,28=62352,78 roubles,
In total 63962,38 roubles
Calculation of material and labour expenses:
4. A payment of hog women at a rate nifulina (time of distribution of a preparation to all livestock of young plants according to the circuit of application of a preparation 4 hours per day):
Working costs of 1 hour of a hog woman 5,9 roubles,
Hence, the payment of a hog woman has made: 8,74*16=139,84 roubles for all course of treatment.
5. Material inputs: cost of 1 kg. " ????????" 110 roubles, for prophylaxis of a coccidiosis have been spent, according to the above-stated circuit of 97,3 kg.
Material inputs have made 110*97,3=10703,4ðóá.
6. In total material and labour expenses: Çâ=10703,4+139,84=10843,23ðóá.
Calculation of economic efficiency of a preparation " ???????":
7. Calculation of the injury prevented by prophylaxis of a dispepsia of young plants by a preparation " ???????":
Ïó=Ó (the second group) - At (the first group),
Pu=62352,78 - 1609,6=60743,18 roubles
8. Calculation of economic benefit of the coccidiosis of young plants received as a result of prophylaxis:
Ýâ=Ïó+Äñ+Ýç-Çâ, where
Ds - the cost received in addition for the account augmentation of an average daily gain, Äñ=Ìç * (Âï1-Âï2) *Ö*Ò
Äñ=973 * (0,255-0,131) *16,17*60=117056,6 roubles
Ez - economy labour and material inputs as a result of application of more effective means,
Zv - expenses for carrying out of prophylaxis of a coccidiosis.
Ýâ=60743,18 +117056,6-10843,23=166956,52 roubles
9. Definition of economic efficiency of a preparation " ???¬«??" counting upon 1 rouble of expenses:
Ýð=Ýâ/Çâ, Ýð=166956,52/10843,23=15,39 roubles
DISCUSSION OF THE RECEIVED RESULTS.
As a result of economic calculations it has been found out, that use of a preparation " Íèôóëèí-?«???" as a prophylactic and medical means at a coccidiosis of pigs reduces a level of a sick rate of pigs a coccidiosis, raising their safety, enlarges daily average additional weights by 0,124 kg, and, hence, raises efficacyy and profitability of manufacture. The augmentation of safety and efficiency enlarges the sum of the self-financing paid vetsluzhbe, and, hence, enlarges also wages, both veterinarians, and other workers of animal husbandry.
However, the veterinary service existing in state farm does not provide a planned approach to the organization of diagnostic, veterinarno-sanitary and medical measures, does not count profitability of manufacture, despite of system of material stimulation of work.
BREEDINGS AND OFFERS.
The main causes of originating at pigs on a pig-farm of a coccidiosis are, apparently, a deflection from zoogigienicheskih specifications of a microclimate, especially a thermal factor in rooms for podsosnyh sows, poor quality of mixed foods.
In an economy diagnosis of diseases both infectious, in my opinion, is not in full carried out, and a noncontagious etiology, not enough attention is given a veterinarno-sanitary condition of a farm, measures on degelmintizatsii are seldom carried out and to prophylaxis of invasion diseases of pigs, not enough attention is especial is given diseases of pigs. It also can be connected to low qualification of the veterinary worker on a pig breeding farm.
As a result of the lead researches and calculations it fixed, that a preparation " Íèôóëèí-?«???" improves a parameter of safety of young plants, due to downstroke of a level of a sick rate and an epizooty of pigs from a coccidiosis, and also rather essentially raises daily average additional weights that reduces a net cost of production. Economic benefit of application " ????????" on a pig breeding farm of state farm " Red ????n" has made 166956,52 roubles (15,39 roubles on 1ðóáëü expenses).
On the basis of the received results it is possible to offer a complex of references for a veterinary service of state farm " Red ????n" with the purpose of downstroke of a level of a sick rate by a coccidiosis at pigs: - the Constant control over a condition of a microclimate, a major repair of rooms, it is especial for the content podsosnyh sows and pigs up to 4õ months.
- Improvement of conditions of a feeding of sows and pigs, development of the prescription of a mixed food on the basis of norms of consumption of nutrients animals of different age, a physiological condition and in dependence on planned additional weights of feeding herd.
- Rising of a nonspecific resistance of pigs by a regular vitaminization of a livestock, a feeding of the various top-dressings keeping biologically awake substances, macronutrients and microelements and probiotiki.
- Daily clinical inspection of a livestock and well-timed revealing of pigs - gipotrofikov and sick animals.
- Application by prophylactic courses various koktsidiostatikov, in particular, " Íèôóëèí-?«???" under the circuit described in work.
- the Control over maintenance of an appropriate veterinarno-sanitary condition on terrains of a pig-farm, regular carrying out of prophylactic disinfection and a disinvasion.
- Improvement of professional skill of the veterinary workers involved
THE LITERATURE.
- Vershinin I.I.coccidios of animals and their differential diagnosis. The/manual. Ekaterinburg, 1996
- Ginzburg A.G.Organizatsija and planning of a veterinary affair. Moscow, 1985
- Nikitin I.I., Voskobojnik V.F., Vasilevskij N.M., etc. The Organization and economy of a veterinary affair. A practical work. Moscow, 1998
- the Organization and economy of a veterinary affair. Under edition Tretjakova A.D. Moscow, 1987ã.,
- Petrenko V.I.methodical of the indicating on performance of course work on " the Organizations and economy veterinary ????". Ekaterinburg, 1996ã.
- the Manual of a veterinary / Altuhov N.M., Afanasjev V.I., Bashkirov B.A., etc. M.: the Ear, 1996 g
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