 Keywords: Pasternak, Boris, the writer, the poet, life, creativity, the abstract, a history, the report, Doctor Zhivago, Pasternak's biography, memoirs of contemporariesthe Author: Poljanskaja O.V.LIFE AND BORIS PASTERNAK'S CREATIVITYBoris Leonidovich Pasternak was born on January, 29 (on February, 10) 1890 in Moscow in family of the artist L.O.Pasternak and pianist R.I.Kaufman. In the house musicians, artists, writers frequently gathered, among visitors were L.N.Tolstoy, N.N.Ge, A.N.Skryabin, V.A.Serov. The atmosphere of a parental house has specified depth of creativity of Pasternak in cultural tradition and has simultaneously accustomed to perception of art as daily laborious work. In the childhood Pasternak trained painting, then in 1903-08 seriously prepared for career of the composer, in 1909-13 studied on philosophical branch of istoriko-philological faculty of the Moscow university, in 1912 has lead one semester in Marburgskom university in Germany where listened to lectures of philosopher G.Kogena. After the termination of university was engaged practically in only literary activity, however professional musical and philosophical preparation in many respects has predetermined features pasternakovskogo the art world. Pasternak's first steps in the literature marked by orientation to poets - symbolists A.Belogo, A.A.Bloka, Vjach. I.Ivanov and I.F.Annensky. He participated in Moscow simvolistskih literary and philosophical circles, in 1914 has come in futuristic group " Centrifuge ". From the beginning of 1920th. Pasternak began one of the outstanding public figures in the Soviet poetry, his influence is appreciable in creativity very much many younger poets - contemporaries P.G.Antokolskogo, N.A.Zabolotsky, N.S.Tihonova, A.A.Tarkovsky and K.M.Simonov. From the middle of 1930th and up to the end of life to one of Pasternak's main literary occupations began translational activity. He translated modern and classical Georgian poetry, tragedies and Goethe Shakespeare, "Faust's" sonnets and many other products. Pasternak counted a result of the creativity the novel "Doctor Zhivago" above which he worked with 1946 for 1955. In the edition of the novel on the native land to Pasternak it refused. He has transferred it for the publication to the Italian publisher, and in 1957 the publication of "Doctor Zhivago" in Italian has appeared, Russian, English, French, German and Swedish editions (in the USSR has been published only in 1988) have soon followed. In 1958 " for distributed merits in modern lyrical poetry and on a traditional field of great Russian prose " to Pasternak have awarded the Nobel Prize under the literature that has been perceived in the USSR as only political action. On pages of a seal campaign of persecution of the poet was developed, Pasternak has been excluded from the Union of writers, to it threatened with dispatch from the country, even criminal case on accusation of change to the native land has been got. All this has compelled Pasternak to refuse the Nobel Prize (the diploma and a medal have been handed his son in 1989). Boris Pasternak on May, 30, 1960 has died. Everyone who knew Pasternak, remember especial - a rich, lingering sound of his voice, his rolling lingering old Moscow "a", "«", "O", his ardent narrations in which strokes of supervision, sudden ideas, sketchy reasons, boiling and flashing, missed in breadth hardly perceptible circles and ellipses more amazing. Not only his speech, his dialect was especial - all his shape - swarty as at the arab, with huge radiant eyes the person, his openness and kindness, ardency and an impressionability, a spontaneity of his reactions extraordinary designated it, at once showing before you of the poet. Long years of acquaintance or friendship only confirmed all that saw in it at the first meeting. There was any deep connection between shape, a mental warehouse of this person and character of his verses. From the first steps in poetry B.Pasternak found out special handwriting, special build art means and acceptances. To Pasternak's verses the reader should get used, it was necessary to get used to them. Much in them stunned, nonplused. Now about features of outlook of B.L.Pasternak, his attitude to people and expression of his feelings, experiences, a vital position and philosophy in literary creativity. B.L.Pasternak - not the document of the life which have been born in a determined point of time and space has abated; the verse is a developing a determined theme, a condensation of the determined "energy" developed in any point of time and space. " The verse - gubka " - a reality is absorbed, and then squeezed out on a paper. A basis of a verse - " existence a fabric through ", "substance" of a reality, "building material" of a reality, " fluid water " realities. A leitmotif through all creativity there passes a theme of the word-per-word translation, the double, the twin. On all life the world - a riddle. Main principle of creativity: "... The more casually, the verses very sincere " are more truly composed. In early verses - a devastation: motives of aimlessness, futility, silence, a deficiency. The god - " broken impact "; the prototype is imperceptible, the world - a copy from something unsolved. B.Pasternak: " With horror I see, that there (in early verses), except for naked and frequently - anything is not present the traffic of a theme bared up to nonsense. I assort these ridiculous engines up to a nut, and then, despairing of judgement of work, I collect ". Here the principle of division of the world on a detail is deeply organic. As if hurrying up to fix a stream of the phenomena, Pasternak in the early verses passes insignificant, interrupts, breaks logic connections, giving the reader them to guess. Sometimes he at all does not name a subject of the narration, giving it the set of determinings, applies a predicate without a subject. So at him the poem of " Memory of the Demon " where the hero of a poem of Lermontov about whom there is a speech, in the text of verses never designated even by a pronoun "he", for example, is constructed. The consciousness absorbed by sanctity of concrete subjects, does not drop itself before computation of coordinates. National for Pasternak - the same uncertainty, as social, as religious, philosophical and in general system. He sees subjects, does not study them, beholds. As in a kaleidoscope, details do not develop in any pictures, they excite in themselves. A stream of impressions. And thus is holographic accuracy of fixing. On details always it is possible to guess both a place, and time. Kharkov - cherries, voly, shirts from luba, norty - koroba.
The meeting with revolution is described as deification bytijnogo ecstasies. The collection " my Sister - life " - parafrazis the lives, missed through "chaos" of the excited consciousness: holding a meeting trees, oratorstvujushchie stars, deklamirujushchie the wattle fences speaking attics. Revolution has given Pasternak's to poetry special density, high moral insistence. The freshness, riches of feelings, paints, optimistichnostju Pasternak's lyrics originally expressed " color of time ". " Pasternak does not have separate poems on revolution, - V.Bryusov in 1922 wrote, - but his verses, can be without the knowledge of the author, are impregnated with spirit of the modernity. Pasternak's psychology is not borrowed from old books; it expresses an essence of the poet and could develop only in conditions of our life ". Between a ripples of days and a chasm of millenia like there would be no interval for the country, the ground, the native land. In a cachenez, a palm having covered, All excites, all goes in a number. " Where to me pleasure to put my? " To write " a fragment of delirium - light pleasure ". The philosophical picture of the world is not traced, only marked by denyings, the general concepts are outlined by ice "ignorance".: " on the universe - a mask ", on things - "mask", and, at last, a limit of allowable clearness: " seems, that mother - not mother, that you - not you, that the house - foreign land ". And among such cold, uncertainty and emptiness - courageous ascertaining of the fact, instead of senseless accusation of a deceit. Essence of poetry for Pasternak not in answers, and in feeling naprasnosti answers. it is vain in days of great advice, To Alexey Kruchenyh: " It it is dangerous, when is not empty (when it is borrowed) ". When the line is dictated with feeling, In the letter to parents - an explanation and the latent binding: " In it immemorial cruelty of unfortunate Russia when it gives to somebody love, the elect will not be rescued any more from eyes of it. He as though gets before it on the Roman arena, obligated to it a show for its love ". " Music of revolution " has been listened and otreagirovana. Constant there are rhythms of the protogenic nature (but also here it is necessary to compare Pasternak's with two "Winds": from the novel and " Four fragments about the Block "), love ("Wedding") and, certainly, christianities (" the Christmas star "). In the farewell lyrics Pasternak does not ennoble religion above space or, on the contrary, space above religion, and finds between them a rhythm of the consent, with amazing accuracy transferring routine human mirochuvstvovanie, routine up to pory, while. Thus, under A.Ahmatovoj's remark, in verses " … at Pasternak all occurs till sixth day of creation: the God yet has not created the person ". Thunder-storms, woods, chaos, but not people. It speaks that Pasternak's verses if in them to get a grasp, in essence do not know division of the nature on alive and lifeless. The landscape exists in them on the equal rights with the person, with the author. For Pasternak it is important not only his own sight at the nature, at a subject; the poet is as though convinced, as outage subjects, the nature looks at the author, feels it and explains from own name. A landscape and the author as though operate at the same time, and frequently not the poet tells about rains and dawn, and they, from the first person talk about the poet. Verses of it are excessively sated with metaphors. Likening to which the poet frequently resorted made impression too subjective or casual. The most routine picture was sometimes drawn under completely unexpected corner. In a whirlwind of metaphors and it is prompt nabegavshih against each other images the reader it was at times confused and bewildered shrugged shoulders. Frequently faltering, as though zadyhajushchiesja the stanzas, sometimes flowing the big intonational periods, instead of the separate lines, it was difficult in many respects to read these. " Growth of a metaphor " - up to scales of the world. Life as comparison and comparison as life. In many years Pasternak will write: " we see the God only in translation, and the original the little is achievable ". " About, My God, as are perfect
Pasternak's agonal lyrics is poured in in obshchehristianskuju the symphony so naturally and organically, that already nobody recollects, as the intellectual soul has come across Orthodoxy. Almost casually. But … the sluchajnej, the more truly. But also so, almost at a coffin, To discuss a material at a forum of a site Keywords: Pasternak, Boris, the writer, the poet, life, creativity, the abstract, a history, the report, Doctor Zhivago, Pasternak's biography, memoirs of contemporaries Main | Abstracts, compositions, lectures | Psychiatry | Links
|
