 Keywords: Kramskoj, the artist, a portrait, a self-portrait, creativityCREATIVITY I.N. KRAMSKOGOIvan Nikolaevicha Kramskogo's all life, the artist - democrat, the large theorist and criticism, the teacher and the recognized chapter of Company peredvizhnikov, is similar to this " fairly and well lived " day when his natural gift of the organizer for the first time was showed. Kramskoj was one of conducting members of Company of mobile exhibitions till last years the life, and not casually best period of activity of the organization has coincided with the period of the best achievements of the artist. The important role has played Kramskoj that the Company of mobile exhibitions became school of forward Russian art. He has devoted all many-sided activity to one purpose - to struggle for a victory of realistic art. The biography of the artist - an example of boundless honesty of unselfishness, firm principles and belief. Authority Kramskogo was so great, that contemporaries named it " reason peredvizhnikov ", and Stasov considered, that critiques Kramskogo on questions of the fine arts are written not less talently, than Belinsky critiques on questions of the literature. "Self-portrait" (1867, GTG) - one of the products of the artist created during the mature period of creativity. Here Kramskoj - the representative raznochinnoj the intelligency, a past complex way of vital tests, former and the copyist in office, and podmasterjem at the icon painter, and the retoucher at the photographer. "Self-portrait" - the document of an epoch of 60th years of XIX century. The fervor of civil ideas penetrating a cloth, became the integral quality of the best portraits of the artist created by him and later - in 70th years. A portrait - favourite genre Kramskogo. L.N.Tolstogo's portrait (1873, GTG) is especially interesting. It was the first image of the writer made from a nature, and on a degree of expression of " dialectics of soul ", integrity of character, the person projasnennosti and depth of idea is the best among other picturesque characteristics of the writer made later. L.N.thick's portrait, as well as many other portraits of " people expensive to the nation ": I.A.Goncharova (1874), N.A.Nekrasov (1877), M.E.Saltykova-Schedrin (1879), has been ordered and got by collector P.M.Tretjakovym to whom the artist has been connected by close friendship. They were united with a common cause: Kramskoj-the ideologist and the leader of Company, Tretjakov - the propagandist of art peredvizhnikov. In a heritage of the artist the big place is held with portraits of people from people. Interesting country images are created in pictures "Polesovshchik" (1874, GTG), " the Peasant with a bridle " (1883, the State museum of Russian art, Kiev) and is especial in an etude to the last - " the Portrait of the Mine of Moiseyev " (1882, GRM). It not only outstanding personalities, but also social types. However the theme most expensive to the artist which he wanted more all to express in the art which he harboured many years to which expression the greatest complexities have been connected, is a theme of sacrificial destiny of the revolutionary, a theme of conscience. And differently - a high theme of disinterested and self-denying service to people. This idea became main in a picture " the Christ in desert " (1872, GTG). Painful meditation, readiness to offer itself for the sake of a common good make the maintenance of an image of the Christ. The cloth became the original form of expression of progressive ideas of the modernity. The picture has been shown at the second mobile exhibition of Company and has drawn general attention - so the theme of meditations about a choice of a vital way has passionately and severely sounded in it. In 80th years the artist creates a number of the interesting pictures opening the new sides of his talent: "Moonlight night" (1880), "Unknown person" (1883), " Inconsolable to mountain " (1884; all three in GTG). Kramskoj welcomed new picturesque seizures in Russian art of the end 1870 - the beginnings of 1880th years. In the letter to pupil I.E.Repinu he wrote: "... It is necessary to move to light, paints and air, but... How to make, to not lose on road the most precious quality of the artist - heart? " To discuss a material at a forum of a site Keywords: Kramskoj, the artist, a portrait, a self-portrait, creativity Main | Abstracts, compositions, lectures | Psychiatry | Links
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