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Keywords: a blood, a bleeding, a haemorrhage, the DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS, a hemostasis, coagulation of a blood, anticoagulants, a stopping of a bleeding, a thrombus, a fibrin, Fibrinogenum, a thrombocyte, coagulopathies
Infringements of system of a hemostasis
Key concepts
- Infringements of a hemostasis, a coagulopathy- infringement of function of coagulative and anticoagulative systems of a blood.
- Giperkoaguljatsionno-tromboticheskoe a state- the state accompanying with pathological process of intensifying of a coagulability of a blood owing to increased aggregation of thrombocytes, activations of plasma and histic blood-coagulation factors with formation trombotsitarnogo and fibrinous clots.
- the Gipokoaguljatsionno-hemorrhagic state- a state accompanying with pathological process of decrease of a coagulability of a blood owing to downstroke of aggregation of thrombocytes, inactivations of plasma and histic blood-coagulation factors with originating a haemorrhage and bleedings.
- the DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS (a trombo-hemorrhagic state)- a set of symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation of a blood - typical pathological process of infringement of a hemostasis in result of consistently proceeding reactions of coagulation of a blood: hypercoagulations (formation of disseminated thrombuses in a microcirculate vascular network) and a hypocoagulation (an attrition of thrombogenic factors and intensifying of a fibrinolysis), accompanying with a massive bleeding, serious gshokom and an acute dystrophia of an internals.
Educational elements
I. Infringement of a hemostasis - as infringement of function of coagulative and anticoagulative systems of a blood
- concept about coagulopathies
- a general etiology of distresses of a hemostasis
- sets of symptoms of a pathology of a hemostasis (a hypercoagulation, a hypocoagulation)
- kinds of infringements of a hemostasis
- infringement of a trombotsitarno-vascular (initial) hemostasis
- infringement of a secondary hemostasis
II. Mechanisms of infringement of coagulation of a blood and a hemostasis
- neurogenic
- tserebro-visceral - infringement of functions of the supreme departments of a CNS, reflex reactions from an internals
- vegeto-visceral - change of tone of sympathetic and parasympatic nervous system
- endocrine - a hyper-, hypo-, a dysfunction of hemadens
- effector - infringement of functions of the central organs of system RASK
- cellular - humoral (cellular - pathochemical) - change of activity plasma and trombotsitarnyh components of coagulation of a blood
III. Mechanisms of infringement of a trombotsitarno-vascular hemostasis
- the causes and mechanisms of infringement tromborezistentnosti a vascular wall
- infringements of functions of thrombocytes, the causes, mechanisms of development, exhibiting
- infringements angiotroficheskoj functions of thrombocytes
- the ancestral and got forms of thrombocytopenias
- a dystrophia of the vascular endothelium, the increased fragility of pots
- petehialnaja, "sinjachkovaja" a haemorrhage
- infringements adhesively - agregatsionnoj functions of thrombocytes
- the ancestral and got forms of thrombocytopenias, trombotsitopaty
- infringements of processes of an adhesion and aggregation of thrombocytes
- a hypercoagulation (thrombogenesis), a hypocoagulation (haemorrhage)
- infringements of angiospastic function of thrombocytes
- the ancestral and got forms of thrombocytopenias
- failure of a vasoconstriction
- a haemorrhage, bleedings
- infringements of kontsentratsionno-transport function of thrombocytes
- the ancestral and got forms of thrombocytopenias, trombotsitopaty
- infringement of concentration and transport of plasma blood-coagulation factors
- downstroke of activity trombotsitarnogo the factor 3 (ÒÔ-3)
- a generalization of process of a thrombogenesis
- the kliniko-laboratory characteristic of infringements of a trombotsitarno-vascular hemostasis (change of a bleeding time, capillary resistance, amount of thrombocytes, retractions of a clot)
IV. Mechanisms of infringement of a coagulative hemostasis
- infringements of the first phase of a coagulative hemostasis - an activation of histic and plasma prothrombinase
- the got failure of blood-coagulation factors (disease of a liver)
- ancestral deficiency of plasma blood-coagulation factors: VIII factor (angiostaxis À), IX factor (Cristmas disease), XI factor (angiostaxis Ñ)
- mikrotsirkuljatorno-gematomnaja a haemorrhage
- an activation of procoagulums - a hypercoagulation
- infringements of the second phase of a coagulative hemostasis - formations of Thrombinum
- a hypovitaminosis of vitamin To, diseases of a liver
- mikrotsirkuljatorno-gematomnaja a haemorrhage
- infringements of the third phase of a coagulative hemostasis - formation of fibrin - polymer
- extensive operative measures on mild, a uterus with liberation of Fibrinolysinums
- infringement in system of constriction proteins - trombasteninov
- mikrotsirkuljatorno-gematomnaja a haemorrhage
- the kliniko-laboratory characteristic of infringements of a coagulative hemostasis (change of the blood clotting time, activated particulate tromboplastinovogo time, a prothrombin time, amounts and activity of blood-coagulation factors)
V. Infringements of anticoagulative system, mechanisms of development
- a hyperheparinemia, giperantitromboplastinemija, gipokoaguljatsionnyj a set of symptoms
- deficiency of an antithrombin III (ÀÒ-III) - a hypercoagulative set of symptoms
- the laboratory characteristic of infringements of anticoagulative system of a blood (change of amount of Heparinum, ÀÒ-III)
VI. Infringement of reactions of a fibrinolysis, mechanisms of development
- augmentation of plasminogen activators - gipokoaguljatsionnyj a set of symptoms
- the laboratory characteristic of infringements of fibrinolytic reactions (change of time lizisa euglobulinovyh clots, activity of a plasmin and a plasminogen)
VII. Giperkoaguljatsionno-tromboticheskie states
- clottages, an etiology, a pathogeny, outcomes
- features of a thrombogenesis in arterial and venous pots
- principles of pathogenetic therapy of clottages
VIII. Gipokoaguljatsionno-hemorrhagic states
- infringement of an initial hemostasis (a thrombocytopenia, trombotsitopatii)
- infringement of a secondary hemostasis (deficiency of procoagulums, predominance of anticoagulative system)
IX. Trombo-hemorrhagic states, consumption coagulopathies
- a set of symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation bloods (DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS) as the form of infringement of a hemostasis
- an etiology, the basic pathogenetic factors
- kliniko-pathophysiological stages of the DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS
- a stage of a hypercoagulation (a disseminated microclottage), mechanisms of development, exhibiting
- generalized damage of a microcirculate network
- failure of a blood-groove
- rising of thrombogenic potential of a blood
- failure of anticoagulative and fibrinolytic activity of a blood
- blockage of a microcirculate channel (a respiratory distress, acute renal failure)
- a stage of a hypocoagulation (haemorrhage), mechanisms of development, exhibiting
- an attrition of thrombogenic factors
- rising of fibrinolytic activity of a blood
- profuse bleedings
- a stage of outcomes and the residual phenomena
- the kliniko-laboratory characteristic of stages of the DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS (change of amount of thrombocytes, Fibrinogenum, ÀÒ-III, V, VII, VIII, IX, X blood-coagulation factors, a plasminogen, a plasmin, products of a degradation of a fibrin)
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Keywords: a blood, a bleeding, a haemorrhage, the DVS-SET OF SYMPTOMS, a hemostasis, physiopathology, pathological physiology, coagulation of a blood, anticoagulants, a stopping of a bleeding, a thrombus, a fibrin, Fibrinogenum, a thrombocyte, coagulopathies
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