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Keywords: leucocytes, a leukocytosis, oncoproteins, a leukosis, a leukemia, the abstract, a leukemoid test, hemoblastoses, oncoviruses, leukoses, physiopathology, pathological physiology, a lymphocyte, a lymphocytosis
Infringements of system of leucocytes. Hemoblastoses. Leukoses. Mechanisms of development
Key concepts
- Hemoblastoses (blastos - a germ, a blastemal) - the general name of the tumours which are starting with hemopoietic cells.
- the Leukosis (leukos - white) - typical pathological process which pathophysiological basis is the tumoral degeneration myeloid or an adenoid tissue (cells II, III, IV classes).
- the Leukemia (leukaemia; leukos - white, haima - a blood) - a leukemia, a sign of the leukosis, showing appearance in a peripheric blood of leukosis cells.
- the Leukosis cell (leucotica cellula) - pathologically changed blood cell being a cytologic substratum of a certain kind of a leukosis and described by functional, morphological, biochemical, cytogenetic and immunological features.
- Tumoral transformation of a cell- endocellular mechanisms of formation of the tumor cell from normal as a result of molecular changes of a genome (an expression of an oncogene).
- the Tumoral progression- extracellular mechanisms of formation of a tumoral tissue in organs of a hemopoiesis on a path of an intensive proliferation of leukosis cells.
Progressing growth of a hemopoietic tissue descends as a result of infringement of a neurohumoral regulation of a hemogenesis (distress of regulate function of nervous system, a hormonal unbalance), the immune control.
- the Polycythemia true (polycytaemia vera; eritremija - erythraemia, erythros - red, haima - a blood) - the tumoral disease caused by a hyperplasia of an osteal brain (mainly erythrocyte germ), described by a hyperglobulia, a thrombocytosis, augmentation of mass of a circulating blood and amount of a haemoglobin.
- the Leukemoid test (a leukemia + eides - similar) - pathological reaction of the organism, showing sharply expressed augmentation of amount of unripe leucocytes (blastemic cells) at a background of rising of the general maintenance of leucocytes in a blood owing to intensifying a leukopoiesis.
Educational elements
I. A general characteristic of infringements of system of leucocytes
- hemoblastoses
- leukoses
- leukemoid tests
II. Classification of leukoses
- on a degree of infringement of a differentiation of leukosis (tumoral) cells
- acute forms
- chronic forms
- on the struck hemopoietic germ
- a myeloleukemia
- a lymphoid leukosis
- a monocytic leukosis
- eritrolejkoz (eritremija)
- megakariotsitarnyj a leukosis
- on a degree of a leukemia
- leukemic
- subleukemic
- aleukemic
- leukopenic
III. The causes of development of leukoses
- the RNA, the DNA keeping oncoviruses
- physical factors
- radial energy, ultra-violet beams
- chemical factors
- aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, products of an exchange of Thyrosinum, derivatives of a cholesterin, a tryptophan, steroid Hormonums
- hereditary factors
- aberation chromosomes
IV. Pathophysiological mechanisms of development of leukoses
- mechanisms of tumoral transformation of a cell (endocellular mechanisms)
- mechanisms of a tumoral progression (extracellular mechanisms)
V. Mechanisms of tumoral transformation of a cell
- a mutation carcinogenesis
- an expression of cellular regulate gene X at influence mutagen (physical, chemical) factors
- superfluous formation of proliferating protein (oncoprotein)
- epigenomnyj a carcinogenesis
- influence of RNK-KEEPING viruses on a cell
- formation of a repetition of a DNA (provirus) under influence revertazy
- DNA replication
- formation of the integrated genome
- superfluous formation of proliferating protein (oncoprotein)
- linkage by oncoproteins of cellular receptors
- a disinhibition oncoproteins of an inhibitor of the cellular growth factor
- deenergizing by oncoproteins of function of a cellular contact inhibition
- inhibition oncoproteins of chalones
- a stimulation of cellular division
- formation of a clone of leukosis cells
VI. Mechanisms of a tumoral progression
- infringements of regulate function of a CNS
- a stress, neurosises, depression
- a stimulation tsGMF
- an activation of proliferative processes
- hormonal infringements
- a hyposecretion of corticotropin, glucocorticoids
- a hypersecretion of Somatotropinum, Aldosteronum, oestrogens, an insulin
- infringements of regulate function of immune system
- a depression of function of natural killers (Tk) and cytotoxic immunoglobulins (IgC)
- rising of activity T-supressorov and quenching immunoglobulins
- a hyperplasia of a leukosis tissue
VII. The pathophysiological characteristic of a leukosis cell
- functional features
- tsitohimicheskie features
- morphological features
- immunological features
- cytogenetic features
VIII. Features of a hemopoiesis and cellular structure of a peripheric blood at different kinds of leukoses
- a myeloleukemia
- myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, relating to stab neutrophile forms of neutrophils, bazofilno-eosinophilic association, a leukemic failure (hiatus leucaemicus)
- a lymphoid leukosis
- lymphoblasts, prolymphocytes, Botkin - Gumprehta cells (a cell of lymphatic cytolysis)
- a monocytic leukosis
- eritrolejkoz (eritremija)
- megakariotsitarnyj a leukosis
- megakaryoblasts, megacaryocytes, thrombocytes
IX. The basic infringements in an organism at leukoses, their mechanisms
- gemicheskaja a hypoxia
- a thrombocytopenia
- bleedings, a hemorrhagic set of symptoms
- development of the metastatic locuses in organs and tissues
- dystrophic changes in tissues
- downstroke of an immune responsiveness of an organism
- cankers of a mucous oral cavity
- a necrotic angina
X. Principles of diagnostics and therapy of leukoses
- diagnostics of leukoses
- hematological diagnostics
- tsitohimicheskaja, morphological, immunological, cytogenetic diagnostics
- therapy of leukoses
- radial therapy, a chemotherapy, an immunotherapy
XI. The pathophysiological characteristic of leukemoid tests
- kinds of leukemoid tests: myeloid, lymphoid, eosinophilic, monocytic
- the causes of development of leukemoid tests
- mechanisms of development of leukemoid tests
- changes of a hemopoiesis and morphological structure of a peripheric blood at leukemoid tests
- differences of leukemoid tests from leukoses
- value of leukemoid tests for an organism
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Keywords: leucocytes, a leukocytosis, a leukosis, a leukemia, the abstract, a leukemoid test, oncoviruses, hemoblastoses, leukoses, physiopathology, pathological physiology, a lymphocyte, a lymphocytosis
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