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Keywords: leucocytes, a leukocytosis, a leukopenia, an agranulocytosis, physiopathology, pathological physiology, a blood, infringements of system of leucocytes

Infringements of system of leucocytes. Leukocytoses and leukopenias. Mechanisms of development

Key concepts

1. the Leukocytosis (leukocytosis, leukos - white, cytos - a cell) - pathological reaction of the organism, showing augmentation of the maintenance of leucocytes in a blood from above 9 and * 180; 10⁹/ë.
2. Nuclear alteration to the left in nejtrofilnom to series- augmentation of amount of young forms of neutrophils in a blood: metamyelocytes and the relating to stab neutrophile leucocytes, testifying to intensifying of regenerative activity of an osteal brain (augmentation of an index of nuclear alteration). In norm: metamyelocytes - 0-0,5 %, relating to stab neutrophile leucocytes - 2-6 %, a nuclear index 0,06-0,08.
3. Nuclear alteration to the right in nejtrofilnom to series- decrease down to complete petering young forms of neutrophils in a blood: metamyelocytes, the relating to stab neutrophile leucocytes, testifying to oppression of regenerative ability of an osteal brain (decrease of an index of nuclear alteration).
4. the Leukopenia (leukopenia, leukos - white, penia - poverty) - pathological reaction of the organism, showing decrease of the maintenance of leucocytes in a blood is lower 4 and * 180; 10⁹/ë.
5. the Agranulocytosis (agranulocytosis; a - a negative prefix, granulum - a kernel, cytos - a cell) - the pathological reaction of an organism described by absence of granulocytes in a peripheric blood or decrease of their amount is lower 0,8 and * 180; 10⁹/ë.
6. the Aleukia alimentarno-toxic (aleukia alimentaria toxica) - alimentary mikotoksikoz, arising at the use of products from the grain which have overwintered in a field infested gribkami Fusarium sporotrichiella; shows an agranulocytosis, a stomatitis, later - a necrotic angina, gemorragijami, a sepsis.

Educational elements

I. Classification of leukocytoses

• - physiological leukocytoses
• an alimentiry leukocytosis
• a leukocytosis at neonatal
• a leukocytosis pregnant
• - pathological leukocytoses
• the general
• aboriginal
• absolute
• relative
• specific

II. Changes of the leukocytic formula at pathological leukocytoses

• - the leukocytic formula at specific leukocytoses
• a neutrophilia
• nuclear alteration in nejtrofilnom to series
• the augmentation of a nuclear index is higher 0,08 (alteration to the left)
• augmentation of young forms of neutrophils: metamyelocytes and relating to stab neutrophile
• intensifying of regenerative activity of an osteal brain
• downstroke of a nuclear index is lower 0,06 (alteration to the right)
• augmentation of the hypersegmented neutrophils
• downstroke of regenerative activity of an osteal brain
• an eosinophilia
• a basophilia
• a lymphocytosis
• a monocytosis
• - features of the leukocytic formula at children of early age
• a specific leukocytosis (lymphocytosis)

III. Mechanisms of development of pathological leukocytoses

• - the regenerative mechanism
• - pereraspredelitelnyj the mechanism
• - angidremichesky the mechanism

IV. The regenerative mechanism of development of leukocytoses

• - neurogenic mechanisms of development of leukocytoses
• intensifying of processes of a boring of a CNS, a craniocerebral trauma, neurosises, a hypoxia of a CNS
• a stimulation of sympathetic nervous system: superfluous formation of an epinephrine
• an activation tsAMF
• nejtrofilnyj a leukocytosis
• an activation of development of Acetylcholinum
• augmentation of concentration tsGMF
• a lymphocytosis, a monocytosis
• - hormonal mechanisms of development of leukocytoses
• a hypersecretion of corticotropin, Somatotropinum, glucocorticoids, a parathormone, oestrogens, Prostaglandinums E₁, Å2
• - cellular mechanisms of development of leukocytoses
• lejkopoetiny, endotoxins, koloniestimulirujushchy the factor, decomposition products of leucocytes

V. The distributive mechanism of development of leukocytoses

• change of an interrelation between pristenochnym vascular pulom and circulating pulom leucocytes

VI. Angidremichesky the mechanism of development of leukocytoses

• insufficient entering of fluid in an organism: narrowing ïèùåâîäa, comas
• superfluous loss of fluid from an organism: a pernicious vomiting, a diarrhea, a polyuria, a hyperventilation, the increased diaphoresis, plazmopoterja

VII. Pathophysiological mechanisms of development of leukopenias

• oppression of a leukopoiesis
• the increased destruction and deducing of leucocytes from an organism
• pereraspredelitelnye leukopenias
• ancestral leukopenias

VIII. Leukopenias owing to oppression of a leukopoiesis

• benzolnaja a leukopenia
• infringement of an innervation and microcirculation in an osteal brain
• infringement of synthesis of a DNA
• oppression of proliferative processes in an osteal brain
• a radial leukopenia
• formation of hydroperoxides of lipids, free radicals
• infringement of synthesis of a DNA
• oppression of proliferative processes in an osteal brain
• an alimentarno-toxic leukopenia (aleukia)
• consumption in I peep the overwintered graminoids keeping gribki such as Fusarium
• a poison kumarinovogo type (lipotoksol)
• infringement of synthesis of a DNA
• oppression of proliferative processes in an osteal brain

IX. Leukopenias owing to the increased destruction and deducing of leucocytes from an organism

• immunolejkopenii
• "gipersplenicheskie" leukopenias
• leukopenias owing to the increased deducing leucocytes from an organism

H.Pereraspredelitelnye of a leukopenia

• holinergichesky the mechanism pereraspredelitelnyh leukopenias
• decrease circulating and augmentation deposited pula leucocytes

XI. Ancestral mechanisms of development of leukopenias

• ancestral defect of a differentiation metamielotsitov
• ancestral defect of a differentiation promielotsitov

XII. Obshchepatologicheskoe value of leukocytoses

• an activation of an englobement
• a stimulation of immunodefence
• an activation of histic neogenesis
• rising of a specific and nonspecific resistance

XIII. Pathophysiological exhibitings of leukopenias

• oppression of an englobement
• downstroke of immunodefence
• jazvenno-necrotic processes of a mucosa of a mouth and tonsils
• septic processes in an organism

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Keywords: leucocytes, a leukocytosis, a leukopenia, an agranulocytosis, physiopathology, pathological physiology, a blood, infringements of system of leucocytes

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