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Keywords: respiration, a pathology of respiration, physiopathology of respiration, apnoe, respiratory failure, a short wind, an asthma, alveoluses, alveolar ventilation

Physiopathology of an external respiration. Respiratory failure; its parameters, mechanisms of development

Key concepts

1. Respiratory failure (insufficientia respiratorica) - distresses of functions of systems of oxygenous maintenance (respiration, a circulation and a blood), which pathophysiological criteria are a voltage reduction of Oxygenium in an arterial blood below 60 mm of a hg and frequently rising of the maintenance in it of a carbon dioxide more than 50 mm of a hg
2. the Cyanosis (cyanosis - tyomno-dark blue) - bluish-red colour of a skin and mucosas owing to an insufficient saturation of a blood Oxygenium (augmentations of the maintenance dezoksigemoglobina).
3. the Short wind (dyspnoea - labored respiration) - infringement of a rhythm and depth of respiration with subjective sensation of shortage of air.
4. the Asthma (asthma - a pant, a dyspnea) - attacks of the strong dyspnea (short wind), showing acute respiratory failure.
5. the Periodic breathing- labored respiration with the seasons of an apnoea.
6. the Asphyxia (asphyxia - absence of sphygmus) - acute respiratory failure owing to distresses of respiration and a circulation up to their complete arrest.
7. the Respiratory distress of adults (adult respiratory distress-syndrom, ARDS) - the acute respiratory failure educing at extreme states and described by a primary edematization mild on a background of fall of alveoluses (atelectasis) as a result of an attrition of system of a surfactant.
8. the Respiratory distress neonatal- the acute respiratory failure educing at premature children as a result of initial infringements of a small circle of a circulation on a background of a functional dismaturity of system of a surfactant that results in development of ischemic atelectases.

Educational elements

1. the Characteristic of concept " respiratory failure "
2. Kinds of respiratory failure
3. Not pulmonary etiological factors of respiratory failure
4. Pulmonary etiological factors of respiratory failure
5. Infringement negazoobmennyh functions mild
6. Parameters (attributes) of respiratory failure
7. Infringements of a regulation of respiration
• reflex distresses
• pathological forms of respiration
8. Infringement of a bodily machinery of respiration
• infringement of respiratory excursions of a thoracal cell and mild
• infringement of an external respiration at stomatologic diseases
• augmentation of work of respiration
9. Infringement of alveolar ventilation
• an alveolar hypoventilation of obstructive type
• an alveolar hypoventilation restriktivnogo type
• an alveolar hyperventilation
10. Infringement of a diffusion of gases in mild
• infringement of an alveolo-capillary diffusion
• downstroke of diffusion capacity mild
11. Infringement of a pulmonary blood-groove
    • infringement of the general capillary blood-groove
    • initial infringements of microcirculation in mild
12. the Pulmonary hypertension
    • prekapilljarnaja the form of a pulmonary hypertension
    • the postcapillary form of a pulmonary hypertension
13. Initial infringements of microcirculation in pulmonary pots
    • respiratory "distress - set of symptoms"
14. Physiopathology of separate sets of symptoms of respiratory failure
    • tromboembolija a pulmonary arteria
    • a cardiogenic and not cardiogenic fluid lungs
15. the Respiratory distress of adults and his difference from a respiratory distress neonatal
16. the Set of symptoms subitaneous apnoe at children and adults. The causes, mechanisms of development
17. Features of a pulmonary circulation at a fetus and neonatal; mechanisms of a shunting and principles of artificial ventilation mild at children
18. Change of an external respiration at deformation of jows and diseases of a genyantrum
19. Kompensatorno-adaptive processes at respiratory failure. Changes of gas structure of a blood and an acid-base equilibrium at respiratory failure in stages of indemnification and a decompensation
20. Pathophysiological principles of prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory failure

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Keywords: respiration, a pathology of respiration, physiopathology of respiration, apnoe, respiratory failure, a short wind, an asthma, alveoluses, alveolar ventilation

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