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QUESTIONS TO EXAMINATION ON the PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY (June, 2002)

the GENERAL pathological anatomy (1é a question in tickets)

1. Pathological anatomy - definition, the basic sections, objects and methods, concept about an etiology, a pathogeny, a morphgenesis, a pathomorphism.. Principles of bracing biopsijnogo a stuff. Algorithm of official registration of papers by effecting a biopsy, kinds of diagnoses on biopsijnomu to a stuff. (ñ5-8. lecture. 1),
2. Dystrophias, definition, classification (on localization, kinds of an exchange, the causes and prevalence). Four mechanisms of a morphgenesis of dystrophias. Parenchymatous dystrophias (morphology gialinovo-drop, gidropicheskoj, a cornual dystrophia), value and outcomes. (?-2, ñ.47-53).
3. Lipidoses parenchymatous - makro, mikro exhibitings in heart, a liver, the causes and outcomes. Stromalnye lipidoses: classification of an obesity on choronomic exhibitings; on a degree of excess of mass of a body; criteria of the forecast on the dimensions and amount adipozotsitov. Changes in heart, a liver - value and outcomes. (ñ.53-56.; ñ.72-75.).
4. Stromalnye dystrophias, concept, classification, morphology. Conditions and the causes of originating, value and morphology mucoid and fibrinoidnogo swellings. (value of an aboriginal, wide-spread fibrinoid; fibrinoidnogo a necrosis). (ñ.59-62, lecture 3)
5. the Hyalinosis - mechanisms and kinds (pots and a copulative tissue), conditions of originating and difference simple, complex and lipogialina, value of an aboriginal and wide-spread hyalinosis. (ñ.62-64, lecture 3).
6. the Lardaceous, classification. Features of an initial and secondary lardaceous, change in organs.. Value and outcomes of the basic kinds of a lardaceous. (ñ.65-72, lecture. 3)
7. Blended dystrophias, definition: three bunches of endogenic pigments, bunch physiological gemoglobinogennyh pigments. A pathological anatomy ferritinemii; a local, regional and wide-spread hemosiderosis; a hemochromatosis; three kinds of icteruses. (ñ.76-80, ëåêöèÿ.4)
8. Pathological gemoglobinogennye pigments - conditions of originating, the characteristic, value gematoidina, three kinds of hematins and a porphyrin. (ñ.80-81, ëåêöèÿ.4)
9. Infringements of an exchange proteinogennyh pigments. Changes at local (nevuses - melanomas), regional (a xeroderma, " a skin of tramps ") and wide-spread (addisonova illness) a melanosis; gipomelanoz (vitiligo, a leukoderma, " a necklace of Venus ", an albinism); ñ.81-84, ?-4)
10. the Gout, changes in joints and nephroses. Mineral dystrophias, a pathogeny and morphology of three forms of a calcification. Kinds of concrements on colour, a constitution; mechanisms of development and value. (ñ.85-91).
11. Concept about a necrosis, his classification. Macro-microscopical attributes of a necrosis of a muscular, copulative, cerebral and fatty tissue, value and outcomes.. (ëåêöèÿ.5, ñ91-94)
12. the Gangrene - definition, conditions of the originating, two makro variant, feature of a gangrene of a skin, value, outcomes. A sequester, definition, consequences. (ëåêöèÿ.5, ñ94-95)
13. the Infarct - definition, a pathogeny of three kinds of infarcts. A stalemate anatomy of infarcts in heart, a brain, mild, nephroses and a lien - their outcomes and value... (ëåêöèÿ.5, ñ.95-100)
14. the Mors, three kinds on the causes, two stages from positions of medicine, postmortem changes and time of their appearance. Algorithm of official registration of papers in case of mors of the patient in hospital. (ëåêöèÿ.5, ñ.102-105)
15. Three bunches of circulatory disturbances, morphology collateral, vakatnoj hyperemias; Morphological differences of an acute and chronic general venous plethora in mild and a liver. A morphgenesis "muskatnoj" a liver and " a brown induration mild ", the causes of originating, value and outcomes. (ëåêöèÿ.7, ñ.106-114)
16. the Anemia (difference of an ischemia from an anemia), four kinds in dependences on the causes and conditions, value and consequences. Structural changes of organs at an acute and chronic ischemia.. (ëåêöèÿ.7, ñ.114-115)
17. the Bleeding as process - (three bunches of the causes), value. A hemorrhage as object. Morphology of two basic kinds of a hemorrhage in tissues, variants of plane hemorrhages in a skin and mucous. A plasmorrhagia, a pathogeny, outcomes. Morphology of a stasis and his value.. (ëåêö7, ñ115-118)
18. the Clottage, a thrombogenesis, a thrombus (definitions). Morphology of stages of a thrombogenesis. Three aboriginal conditions determining originating of a thrombus in a concrete place, kinds of thrombuses (on colour, the attitude to a lumen of the pot), three parts of the generated thrombus.. Differences of a thrombus from postmortem convolution of a blood. Stages of development of not complicated thrombus. Congenial and unfavorable changes of a thrombus, value of thrombuses (ëåêöèÿ.8, ñ.119-126).
19. the Embolism and an embolus - definition, kinds. Value and diagnostics of an embolism by drops of Adeps, puzyrkami air, gas; particles of tissues, colonys of microbes and foreign bodys. Concept about tromboembolicheskom a set of symptoms (ñ.124); (ëåêöèÿ.8, ñ.126-128)
20. Morphology and value DVS - a set of symptoms the Shock, kinds, morphological pictures of a shock, feature of " shock organs " .Morfologija the general and aboriginal limfedemy, anasarcas, an edema and a swelling of a brain (ñ.123-124.) (ñ128-129.) (ñ.130-133).
21. the Inflammation - definition, terminology and classification, morphology characteristic for an inflammation of three bunches of histic changes. Kinds ekssudativnogo inflammations (on an exudate, in a place of development and the attitude to mucous, on flow), differences of an exudate from a transudate, Features and value of two kinds of a fibrinous inflammation on mucous (as they are distinguished by clinicians and how morphologists?,), outcomes.. (lecture 9, ñ.134-144)
22. the Purulent inflammation. What is the pus? Morphology of acute and chronic abscesses, mild and firm phlegmons, outcomes. Value and features putrefactive hemorrhagic and a catarrh. (ë-9.ñ.144-147).
23. the Proliferative inflammation. Characteristics of the basic cells proliferata Three kinds of a proliferative inflammation and morphology interstitial and granulematoznogo inflammations Morphological differences immune and not immune granulomas.
24. Concept about nonspecific and specific granulomas. A constitution of specific granulomas at a tuberculosis, a lues, a leprosy and a scleroma. Morphology of polyps and kondilem. Outcomes and value of a productive inflammation. (ëåêö10, ñ.149-152).
25. Immunopatologicheskie processes - definition. Morphological differences of hypersensitivity of immediate and time-lapse phylums in tissues and in regionarnyh limfuzlah. Morphological exhibitings of reactions of a graft rejection.. (ëåêöèÿ.11, ñ.152-160)
26. the Autoimmunization and autoimmune illnesses. Morphological exhibitings organospetsificheskih, organo-nonspecific autoimmune diseases and illnesses with autoimmune disorders (what illnesses are included into each of bunches?). The basic exhibitings of immunodeficiencyies. (ëåêöèÿ.10, ñ.160-164).
27. Neogenesis, definition, morphology of two phases. Three kinds of neogenesis, (differences of complete neogenesis from incomplete; variants of pathological neogenesis. Morphology of an adhesion of wounds initial and a second intention. (?-14, ?-164-168, ñ.174-175)
28. Differences of acclimatization from indemnification. A pathological anatomy of the basic kinds of an atrophy and a hypertrophy (difference of a true hypertrophy from false). Morphology of a phase of indemnification and a phase of a decompensation of a hypertrophy of heart. (?-14, ñ.175-184).
29. the Organization, rearrangement of tissues, a metaplasia and a dysplasia (definitions and morphology of variants) (ñ.179-181). A sclerosis (a fibrosis, a cirrhosis) - definitions, classification on a pathogeny, a morphgenesis and convertibility (ñ.184-185).
30. the Tumour, definition, value of a problem (statistics of the basic tumours). Differences of good-quality tumours from malignant on makro-mikro to a constitution, the attitude to environmental tissues, rates of body height, consequences for an organism. Gistogeneticheskaja classification of tumours (7 bunches). The morphology of the basic "is "kindly" and "angrily" qualitative epithelial tumours. (?-15,15à, ?-186-189.193-197.201-207).

the INDIVIDUAL pathological anatomy (2é a question in tickets)

1. "Mesenchymal" tumours - the general features of tumours of "mild" tissues. Morphology of the basic kinds of fibromas, fibromatoses and fibrosarcomas; lipomas, lipomatozov and liposarcomas; myomas and myosarcomas. (ñ.219-225. ?-16)
2. the Basic illnesses of system of a blood. An anemia - definition, classification., a stalemate. Anatomy of the basic posthemorrhagic, scarce and hemocatheretic anemias. (ñ.235-242).
3. Concept about hemoblastoses. Leukoses, classification. A stalemate anatomy of the basic acute and chronic leukoses (change in a peripheric blood, an osteal brain and organs). (?-18. ñ.242-256).
4. Limfomy - the basic differences from leukoses, a pathological anatomy of the basic lymphosarcomas and a lymphogranulomatosis (ñ.257-261).
5. Basic diseases of cardiovascular system. Heart diseases - definition, classification. Concept about the isolated, combined, combined faults. A stalemate anatomy of faults of the basic valves of heart. Attributes of a decompensation of heart diseases, the causes of mors. (ñ.262-267).
6. the Atherosclerosis, definition. Stages of a morphgenesis, a constitution of atheromas, the basic complications at lesions of an aorta, pots of extremities and nephroses. (ñ.268-277).
7. Hypertensions - modern classification., morphological changes at a "good-quality" and "malignant" hypertension, changes of nephroses. (ñ.278-284).
8. Ischemic illness of heart, definition - morphology of two stages of a myocardial infarction. A stalemate. Anatomy of an acute and repeated infarct. Complications and the causes of mors at IBS (ñ.284-289).
9. Cerebrovascular diseases - classification, morphology hemorrhagic propityvanija, ischemic and gemorragticheskogo infarcts of a brain. Complications and the causes of mors at TSVB. (ñ.290-293)
10. Cardiomyopathies - definition, pathological anatomy of the basic variants, complications. (ñ293-294).
11. Vasculites, classification, the general attributes, a pathological anatomy of illness Vegenera and obliterating tromboangiita (with 294-300)
12. Rheumatic disease - morphology endokardita, a myocarditis and a pericarditis, complication and the cause of mors (ñ301-305).
13. Acute pneumonias - definition, classification on a nosology, localizations, prevalence and character of an inflammation. "Krupoznaja" a pneumonia, morphology of four stages of illness, pulmonary and outside of pulmonary complication, the cause of mors (ñ319-323).
14. Chronic nonspecific (obstructive) diseases mild, classification, pathological anatomy of a chronic bronchitis and a bronchoectatic disease. (ñ.327-330).
15. the Emphysema mild, definition, kinds., a pathogeny, morphology of a diffuse obstructive and chronic focal emphysema, complication. (with 330-332).
16. the Bronchial asthma, a pathogeny, classification, a pathological anatomy at acute and at replicating attacks of illness (ñ332-333)
17. Interstitial illnesses mild (an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) - modern representations. A stalemate. Anatomy fibrozirujushchih alveolites, complication. Morphology of lesions mild at a sarcoidosis. (ñ.334-336 s.u.) (ñ.455-458 n.u).
18. the Cancer mild, frequency of occurrence, classification (on localization, character of body height, the macroform and mikro to a kind), a pathological anatomy of the central and peripheric cancer, complication. (ñ.337-342).
19. the Angina, definition, a pathological anatomy of the basic forms of illness; value of necrotic and gangrenous anginas, complications. (ñ.343-344.). Modern representations about a chronic gastritis, morphological changes of a stomach at autoimmune; Í.pólori caused; "superficial" and "deep" chronic gastritises, complications (ñ.538-543.?.O).
20. the Peptic ulcer of a stomach, definition, morphology of three stages of a morphgenesis, microscopical attributes of an exacerbation of illness, complication (ñ.350-355).
21. the Carcinoma of the stomach, statistics, a stalemate. Anatomy of the basic forms, concept about a "early" carcinoma of the stomach, histological phylums, the basic metastasises and complications (ñ.355-362).
22. the General representations about illnesses of an intestine. A nonspecific ulcerative colitis, a pathological anatomy, complications (ñ.362, 369-371).
23. Illness of the Cron, a pathological anatomy, complications. (ñ.371-373).
24. the Appendicitis, definition, a pathological anatomy of three forms of illness and three stages of an acute appendicitis, variants of a destructive appendicitis, complication (ñ.373-375).
25. Illnesses of a liver - a general characteristic. A stalemate anatomy of alcoholic lesions of a liver. (ñ.650-653. n.u)
26. Hepatitises, the general representations. Patomorfologija virus hepatitises (with 644-650 n.u).
27. Cirrhosises of a liver - definition, pathomorphologic attributes, a pathological anatomy of the basic morphogenetic phylums of cirrhosises of a liver, complication. (ñ.388-394).
28. Illnesses of nephroses, attributes, classification. An acute glomerulonephritis, a pathological anatomy of the basic variants of illness, oslozhenenija. (ñ.397-404)
29. Acute renal failure, definition, an etiology, a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of three stages, complications and outcomes (ñ.409-411).
30. the Pyelonephritis, definition, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of acute and chronic variants, complications and outcomes, (ñ.413-415.ë-31
31. Communicable diseases, characteristic aboriginal and general changes, morphology of components of an initial contagious complex; phases of a cycle. Classification of communicable diseases to biological, etiological attributes, the mechanism of transfer, character of kliniko-anatomic exhibitings and character of flow (ñ.459-461)

Additional questions on pathological anatomy for lechfaka. (3é a question in session June 2002ã)

1. the Nephrosclerosis, definition, classification. A pathological anatomy on phases of a morphgenesis. Chronic renal failure attributes. (ñ.417-419).
2. the Basic disgormonalnye illnesses and tumours of generative organs and a mamma. A stalemate anatomy of a hyperplasia endometrija, mastopathies, an endometriosis, a cancer of a uterus and a mamma. (ñ.420-425) (ñ.198-199.í.ó.)
3. the Pathology of pregnancy. Gestoz, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of an eclampsia, the cause of mors. A salpingocuesis, morphology of the basic variants, complications. Trofoblasticheskaja illness: differences of simple vesical drift from destruirujushchego and chorions - epitheliomas. A placental polyp and a patrimonial infection contamination of a uterus, a pathological anatomy and consequences (ñ.210-211) (ñ.427-429).
4. the Pancreatitis - definition, morphology of acute and chronic variants of illness, complication. A pathological anatomy of a cancer of a pancreas and his metastasises, the causes of mors (ñ.395-396).
5. the Nephrolithiasis, definition, a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy (a pyeloectasis, a pyonephrosis, a testaceous paranephritis), complications, (ñ.415-416).
6. Noduljarnaja a hyperplasia of a prostate, definition, histological forms, oslozhnenijaProstatit, forms and complications. A cancer of a prostate, makro changes of an organ, gistoformy, features of an innidiation, (ñ.420; 423; 426).
7. Pituitary distresses, principal causes, a pathological anatomy of an acromegalia, pituitary nanizma, illnesses Simmondsa, Itsenko-Kushinga and Addisona (with. 430-432).
8. Illnesses of a thyroid gland, classification. Morphological differences of changes in a thyroid gland at toxic and colloidal strumas, visceral exhibitings, the causes of mors Morphology of thyroidites Hasimoto and Ridelja (ñ.432-434).
9. the Diabetes, classification, changes of a pancreas, morphology mikro-, makroangiopatii, lesions of nephroses, complications and the causes of mors (ñ.435-438).
10. Avitaminosises, a general characteristic. A rachitis, definition, classification, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of an early and serotinal rachitis, complication. A Barlow's disease, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of three basic exhibitings, complications (ñ.438-440).
11. the Osteomyelitis - definition, an etiology, a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of the basic forms, complications the Osteoarthrosis an etiology, a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of three stages (ñ.443-444, 450-451).
12. Virus infection contaminations, kinds on flow, concept about a tropism, morphological exhibitings of mutual relations of a virus and cells. Morphological features of a flu of a different degree of gravity, complication, the cause of mors (ñ.461-466).
13. a HIV-infection, morphology on the seasons, a pathological anatomy of illness, the cause of mors (ñ.468-475).
14. the Typhoid, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy aboriginal (five stages on pejerovym to plaques) and the general changes, complication, the cause of mors (c.481-484).
15. the Dysentery, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy aboriginal (four stages of a colitis) and the general changes, complication (c.485-488).
16. Concept about especially dangerous infection contaminations their list, attributes, Algorithm of actions of the doctor in case of detection especially dangerous infection contaminations, features of an obduction.. The Plague, an etiology and a pathogeny, pathological anatomy of four forms of illness, complication. (ñ.492-494).
17. the Malignant anthrax, a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of the basic forms, the causes of mors (ñ.497-498).
18. the Tuberculosis, statistics, a pathological anatomy of the initial tuberculosis, three variants of flow, (ñ.499-505).
19. the Hematogenous tuberculosis, a pathological anatomy of his three types, (ñ.505-508)
20. the Secondary tuberculosis, a pathological anatomy of eight forms of a secondary tuberculosis, complication. (ñ.508-512).
21. the Lues, a pathological anatomy on the seasons, characteristics visceral and congenital (ñ.513-517).
22. the Sepsis, definition, the basic differences from other infection contaminations, a pathological anatomy of aboriginal and general changes (three bunches), classification of a sepsis. Changes in organs distinguishing hematosepsis and a septicopyemia, changes of a lien, peripheric attributes of illness, complication (ñ.517-525).
23. the Pathology of an afterbirth - characteristics of a mature placenta, age changes and the basic developmental anomalies a pathological anatomy of circulatory disturbances, inflammations and placental failure, (ñ.561-567).
24. Perinatalnaja a pathology, a general characteristic. Criteria of a prematurity and perenoshennosti, pathological anatomy of an asphyxia of a fetus and neonatal (ñ.567-570).
25. the Birth trauma, an etiology and a pathogeny, a pathological anatomy of a patrimonial tumour, kefalogematomy, traumas head and a spinal cord, an internals (ñ.572-574).
26. the Diphtheria - definition, morphology of aboriginal and general changes, complications and the causes of mors (ñ.593-595).
27. the Scarlatina - definition, pathological anatomy on the seasons, complications, the causes of mors (ñ.595-597).
28. the Meningococcal infection contamination - three forms, their pathological anatomy, the causes of mors (ñ.597-599)
29. Dust diseases, classification. A silicosis, a pathological anatomy of two forms (ñ.618-622).
30. the Radial illness, classification, pathological anatomy of an acute and chronic radial illness (ñ.632-634).

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