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Keywords: a truncus coeliacus, anomaly, variant of a constitution, visceral branches, an aorta, anatomy

ANOMALIES OF UNPAIRED VISCERAL BRANCHES OF THE AORTA

the Normal constitution.

A truncus coeliacus, short, but a thick arteria in length of 1,5-2 sm which begins from a forward semicircle of an aorta at a level of XII thoracal vertebra. Above the top edge of a pancreas pancreas he shares on 3 branches (the place of branching refers to tripus coeliacus). These 3 branches refer to: the left stomachal arteria a. gastrica sinistra, communicating a hepatic arteria, a. hepatica communis, a splenic arteria a. lienalis.

The left stomachal arteria, a. gastrica sinistra goes upwards and to the left, aside a cardial part of a stomach, then goes along small curvature of a stomach (between listkami an omentulum), where anastomoziruet with a dextral stomachal arteria. A. gastrica sinistra gives rr. esophageales, to abdominalis esophagi.

A. hepatica communis it is referred from a truncus coeliacus to the right, goes along the top edge of the head of a pancreas to the top edge of a duodenum duodeni and shares on own hepatic and zheludochno-duodenal arteria. Own hepatic arteria, a. hepatica propria follows in thickness of a pechyonochno-duodenal sheaf to a liver and at its hiluses gives dextral and the left branches. A. gastroduodenalis passes behind duodenum and shares on two branches: a. gastroepiploica dextra which is referred from right to left along the big curvature of a stomach, gives a branch to a stomach and to an omentum in which forward wall it passes, and the top pancreaticoduodenal arterias, aa. pancreaticoduodenales superiores which branch in the head pancreas and a descending part of a duodenum.

A. lienalis, largest of 3 branches of a truncus coeliacus, is referred on the top edge pancreas to a lien in which hiluses breaks up to 5-8 final branches. Close to separation into final branches a. lienalis gives a. gastroepiploica sinistra which along the big curvature of a stomach goes from left to right and it is bridged with a. gastroepiploica dextra.

The top mesenteric arteria, a. mesenterica superior departs from a belly part of an aorta behind of a body of a pancreas at a level of XII thoracal - I a lumbar vertebra and shares on some branches.

Possible anomalies.

Probably big number of various deflections from a normal constitution of a truncus coeliacus and his branches.

The truncus coeliacus sometimes is absent, then its usual three branches begin from an aorta everyone separately. In other cases the truncus coeliacus shares on hepatic and splenic arterias. From a truncus coeliacus the top mesenteric arteria, an additional splenic arteria, the top arteria of a pancreas and others can sometimes depart. The general hepatic arteria occasionally is absent or is very thin, sometimes it begins from the top mesenteric arteria. The ZHeludochno-duodenal arteria sometimes either is too thin, or too thicker, from it the left hepatic branch can depart. The splenic arteria shares sometimes on two peer branches. The general hepatic arteria very seldom can depart from the top mesenteric arteria.

It is revealed:

In 1999 on faculty of normal anatomy VSMA of name Burdenko at preparing an educational corpse anomaly in a constitution of a truncus coeliacus till now not described in the literature has been found. The truncus coeliacus was absent. On a forward semicircle of an aorta, at a level of the inferior edge of XI thoracal vertebra departs a. gastrica sinistra, going upwards and to the left. From it on distance of 3 mm from the beginning the additional hepatic arteria going upwards and to the right to a caundal hepatic lobe departs. On 3 mm below left stomachal departs a. lienalis, borrowing the usual position and giving typical branches. The top mesenteric arteria departs from a belly part of an aorta behind of a body of a pancreas at a level of the inferior edge of XII thoracal vertebra and is referred downwards. From the beginning it gives to 20 mm a. hepatica communis, going to the right, then upwards and entering in a pechyonochno-duodenal sheaf and going to portal fissures. To the right of it the general cholic duct, at the left - a portal vein settles down. On distance of 23 mm from the beginning a. hepatica communis shares on two branches: a. hepatica propria and a. gastroduodenalis. A. hepatica propria reaches portal fissures, having to the right of itself the general hepatic duct, and at the left and a little behind a portal vein.

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Keywords: a truncus coeliacus, anomaly, variant of a constitution, visceral branches, an aorta, anatomy

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