 Keywords: water, biochemistry, a role, the information, klatrat, proton transfer, thawed snow, frame of a molecule of water, a biological role of water, a homeopathy, the structured water, the abstractWATER AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ROLEIntroductionThe organism of the person almost on 70 % will consist of water. Water - first of all a dissolvent in which medium all elementary acts of vital activity proceed. Besides water - a product and substrate of a power metabolism in a living cell. Figuratively speaking, water is a auNnN on which action of life and the participant of the basic biochemical transformations is played. It is known that water is present at all parts of our organism, though for example in a cerebral cortex of it of 85 %, in a skin of 72 %, in an adamantine substance of tooth of all ëèøü3 %. It testifies that most intensively working organs contain the greater number of water. Some part of water in an organism can more or is less strong contact the substances dissolved of it and with a surface of biopolymeric macromolecules with the help as hydrogen bridges, and forces of ion - dipole interaction. It can result in to apparent change of a configuration, the efficient sizes and weights of those or other particles participating in reaction, and in some cases to essential modification of their properties. For example, there are, that the sodic canals of nervous cells having diameter about 0,5 nanometers, are practically inaccessible to passage on them of ions of a potassium though diameter of ion K + is peer 0,26 nanometers. Actually ion K + is hydrated and, hence, for calculation of his efficient sizes to diameter K + it is necessary to add molecular diameter of water of 0,28 nanometers. In a result [K · H2O] + in diameter almost 0,6 nanometers through the sodic canal cannot pass a complex ion, whereas the hydrated ion [Na · H2O] + in diameter about 0,47 nanometers loosely diffuses through this canal. Other example of change of the sizes of biological substrate can be a molecule of a DNA. In particular it is known, that on each nucleotide of a macromolecule it is necessary about 50 molecules of water connected to a DNA. In total the aqueous film of a DNA enlarges efficient diameter of a cylindrical macromolecule of a DNA about 2 nanometers in an anhydrous condition up to 2,9 nanometers in an aqueous solution that is extremely important, for example, at reading from it information. the Structure of waterWater - unique substance and all its abnormal properties: high boiling point, the appreciable dissolving and dissociating power, small thermal conductivity, high evaporation heat and others are caused by a structure of its molecule and spatial structure. Separately taken molecule of water has quality which is displaid only at the presence of other molecules: ability to form hydrogen bridges between atoms of Oxygenium of two molecules which have appeared by series so, that the atom of Hydrogenium settles down on a piece bridging atoms of Oxygenium. Property to form such ponticuluses is caused by presence of special intermolecular interaction in which the essential role is played with atom of Hydrogenium. This interaction refers to as a hydrogen bridge. Each of adjoined to given the molecules of water itself is capable to addition of the further molecules. This process can be named "polymerisation". If only one of two possible connections participates in addition of the following molecule, and another remains vacant "polymerisation" will result in formation either zigzag chains, or a closed ring. The least ring, apparently, can consist of four molecules, but the size of an angle 90 ° does hydrogen bridges by the extremely intense. Practically unstrained should be pjatizvennye rings (an angle 108 °), and shestizvennye (an angle 120 °), as well as semizvennye - intense. Treating substantial frames of hydrates shows, that, is the true, steadiest shestizvennoe a ring available in frames of ice. Flat rings are the privilege klatratnyh hydrates, and in all known frames meet flat pjatizvennye rings from molecules of water more often. They, as a rule, alternate in all frames klatratnyh hydrates with shestizvennymi rings, is very rare with chetyryohzvennymi, and in one case - with flat semizvennym. As a whole the frame of water is represented as an admixture of every possible hydrated frames which can be formed in it. In applied aspect it, for example, has the important value for comprehension of action of medicinal substances. As it has been shown L.Polingom structured klatratnaja the form of water in sinapticheskih formations of a brain provides, on the one hand, transfer of pulses from a neurone on a neurone, and, on the other hand at hit in these sites of narcosis substance such transfer is broken, that is the phenomenon of a narcosis is observed. The hydration of some frames of a brain is one of bases of realization of action of narcotic analgetics (Morphinum). Biological value of waterWater as a dissolvent.Water - an excellent dissolvent for polar substances. Ionic bonds concern to them, such as salts at which the charged particles (ions) dissociate some nonionic bonds in water when the substance dissolves, and also, for example Saccharum and simple alcohols at which molecule there are charged (polar) groups (-OH.) Results of numerous researches of a structure of solutions of electrolytes testify, that at a hydration of ions in aqueous solutions the basic role the near hydration - plays interaction of ions with the proximate to them molecules of water. The big interest represents finding-out of individual characteristics of a near hydration of various ions as degrees of linkage of molecules of water in hydrated environments, and degrees of distortion in these environments of tetrahedral frame of water alone similar to ice - connections in a molecule change on an incomplete angle. The size of an angle depends on an ion. When the substance dissolves, his molecules or ions receive an opportunity to move more loosely and, accordingly, his reactivity grows. For this reason in a cell the most part of chemical reactions proceeds in aqueous solutions. Non-polar substances, for example lipids, are not admixed with water and consequently can part aqueous solutions on separate kompartamenty just as they are parted with membranes. Non-polar parts of molecules make a start water and at its presence are drawn to each other as it happens, for example, when droplets of oil merge in larger drops; in other words, non-polar molecules are hydrophobic. Similar hydrophobic interactions play the important role in maintenance of stability of membranes, and also many albuminous molecules, nucleic acids and other subcellular frames. Properties of a dissolvent inherent in water mean also, that water serves as medium for transport of various substances. It carries out this role in a blood, in lymphatic and ekskretornyh systems, in a digestive tube and in floeme and ksileme plants. the Big calorific capacity.Specific heat of water name amount of heat in joules, which is necessary to lift temperature of water of 1 kg on 1 ° C. Water has the big calorific capacity (4,184 Dzh/g). It means, that the essential augmentation of a thermal energy causes only rather small rising of its temperature. Such phenomenon that the appreciable part of this energy is spent for tearing up of the hydrogen bridges limiting mobility of molecules of water speaks. The big calorific capacity of water reduces temperature changes occuring in it to a minimum. Due to this biochemical processes proceed in a smaller interval of temperatures, with more constant speed and danger of infringement of these processes from sharp deviations of temperature threatens them not so strongly. Water serves for many cells and organisms as an inhabitancy, for which typically enough appreciable constancy of conditions. the Big evaporation heat.Latent heat of evaporation is a measure of amount of a thermal energy which it is necessary to inform liquids for its transferring in a steam, that is for overcoming forces of molecular cohesion in a liquid. Evaporation of water demands enough significant amounts of energy (2494 Dzh/g). It speaks existence of hydrogen bridges between molecules of water. By virtue of it boiling point of water - substances with so small molecules - is unusually high. The energy necessary for molecules of water for evaporation, is scooped from their environment. Thus, evaporation is accompanied by cooling. This phenomenon is used at animals at a diaphoresis, at a thermal short wind at mammal or at some reptiles (for example, at crocodiles) which under the sun sit with an open mouth; probably, it plays an apparent role and in cooling transpirirujushchih leaves. the Big melting heat.Latent heat of melting is a measure of the thermal energy necessary for fusion of solid matter (ice). For melting (melting) a plenty of energy is necessary for water rather. Fairly and revertive: at freezing water should give a plenty of a thermal energy. It reduces probability of freezing of contents of cells and a liquid environmental them. Crystals of ice are especially pernicious for alive when they are formed inside cells. Density and behaviour of water near to freezing point.Density of water (it is maximal at +4 ° Ñ) from +4 up to 0 ° With is depressed, therefore ice is easier some water and in water not sink. Water - the unique substance having in liquid state in the greater density, than in solid, as frame of ice quaggier, than frame of fluid water. As ice floats in water, he is formed at freezing all over again on its surface and only toward the end in benthonic beds. If freezing of ponds went upside-down, from below upwards in areas with a moderate or cool climate life in fresh-water reservoirs could not exist at all. That circumstance, that beds of water, which temperature has fallen below 4 ° With, rise upwards, causes agitating water in the big reservoirs. Together with water circulate and nutrients taking place in it due to what reservoirs are occupied by alive organisms on the big depth. After carrying out of some experiments it fixed, that combined water at temperature does not pass freezing point in a crystal lattice of ice below. It is energetically unprofitable, as water is strongly enough connected to hydrophylic sites of the dissolved molecules. It finds application in kriomeditsine. the Big interfacial tension and cohesion.Cohesion is a cohesion of molecules of a physical body with each other under action of attractive forces. On a surface of a liquid there is an interfacial tension - result of forces of the cohesion directed inside working between molecules. Due to interfacial tension the liquid aspires to take over such form that the area of its surface was minimum (in an ideal - the form of a ball). From all liquids the biggest interfacial tension at water (7,6 · 10-4 N/m). Appreciable cohesion, characteristic for molecules of water, plays the important role in living cells, and also at movement of water on vessels ksilemy in plants. Many shallow organisms derive benefit for themselves from interfacial tension: it allows them to be kept on water or to slip on its surface. Water as a reagent.Biological value of water is determined also by that it represents one of necessary metabolites, that is participates in metabolic reactions. Water is used, for example, as a source of Hydrogenium during a photosynthesis, and also participates in reactions of a hydrolysis. Features of thawed snowAlready small warming (till 50-60 ° Ñ) results in a denaturation of protein and stops functioning alive systems. Meanwhile cooling before complete freezing and even up to absolute zero does not result in a denaturation and does not break a configuration of system of biomolecules so the vital sign after thawing is conserved. This position is very important for preservation of organs and tissues intended for transplantation. As it was specified above, water in solidity has other regularity of molecules, than in fluid and after freezing and thawing gets a little bit other biological properties that has served as the reason of application of thawed snow with the medical purpose. After thawing water has more an ordered structure, with nucleuses klatratov ice that allows it to interreact with biological components and permeates, for example with other rate. At the use of thawed snow in an organism shallow centers of frame similar to ice which further can grow up and transfer water in a condition similar to ice get and by that to manufacture convalescent action. the Information role of waterAt interaction of molecules of water with structural components of a cell can be formed not only above described to five, to six, etc. componental frames, but also three-dimensional formations can be formed dodekaedralnye forms which can have ability to formation of the chain structures connected by the general pentagonal sides. Similar chains can exist and as spirals that makes possible realization of the mechanism of proton conduction on this generalpurpose tokoprovodu. It is necessary to take into account also S.V.Zenin data (1997), That molecules of water in such formations can interreact among themselves by a principle charging komplementarnosti, that is by means of distant kulonovskogo interactions without formation of hydrogen bridges between sides of elements that allows to survey the structured condition of water as an initial information matrix. Such volumetric frame has an opportunity to be reoriented therefore there is a phenomenon of " memory of water " as in a new condition coding action of injected substances or other revolting factors is reflected. It is known, that such frames exist short time, but in case of a presence inside a dodecahedron of Oxygenium or radicals there is a stabilization of such frames. In applied aspect of an opportunity and transfers of the information by means of the structured water explain " memory of water " action of homeopathic agents and akupunkturnyh influences. As it was already spoken, all substances at disolution in water form hydrated environments and consequently to each particle of permeate there corresponds concrete frame of a hydrated environment. Shaking of such solution results to shlopyvaniju microblisters with a dissociation of molecules of water and to formation of the protons stabilizing such water which gets radiating properties and the properties of memory inherent in permeate. At the further delution of this solution and shaking the lengthy chains - spirals are formed more and more and in 12-ñîòåííîì delution already there is no substance, but holds in remembrance about a nem. Introduction of this water in an organism pitchs this information in the structured components of water of biological liquids which is pitched structural components of cells. Thus, the homeopathic drug operates first of all informatsionno. Addition of alcohol during preparation of a homeopathic agent extends fastness in time of the structured water. It is possible, that spiral-shaped chains of the structured water are possible components of conduction of the information from biologically active sites (points of an acupuncture) on structural components of cells of fixed organs. the List of the literature
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